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Dynamic and static factors associated with discharge dispositions : the National Trajectory Project of Individuals Found Not Criminally Responsible on Account of Mental Disorder (NCRMD) in Canada

bul.description.provenancelf clfr
bul.rights.dateAccepPubl2014-09-18fr
bul.rights.periodeEmbargoP1Yfr
bul.rights.typeDatedatePublicationfr
dc.contributor.authorCrocker, Anne G.
dc.contributor.authorCharette, Yanick
dc.contributor.authorNicholls, Tonia L.
dc.contributor.authorSeto, Michael C.
dc.coverage.spatialCanadafr
dc.coverage.spatialQuébec (Province)fr
dc.coverage.spatialOntariofr
dc.coverage.spatialColombie-Britanniquefr
dc.date.accessioned2017-11-08T20:26:08Z
dc.date.available2017-11-08T20:26:08Z
dc.date.issued2014-09-18
dc.description.abstractThe majority of individuals found not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder (NCRMD) in Canada spend some time in hospital before they are conditionally or absolutely (no conditions) discharged to the community by a legally mandated review board. By law, the decision to conditionally discharge an individual found NCRMD should be guided by the need to protect the public, the mental condition of the accused, and the other needs of the accused, especially regarding his/her community reintegration. At the time of this study, Canadian legislation and case law required that the review board disposition should be the "least onerous and least restrictive" possible for the accused. This means that, if there is no evidence that the person poses a significant risk to public safety, he/she must be released. However, the Canadian Criminal Code does not specify the criteria that must be considered when making this risk assessment. This leads to two questions. (1) What predicts review board dispositions? (2) To what extent do disposition determinations reflect evidence-based practices? The present study examined dynamic and static predictors of detention in custody, conditional discharge (CD), and absolute discharge (AD) dispositions among persons found NCRMD across the three largest provinces in Canada. The National Trajectory Project (NTP) examined men and women found NCRMD in British Columbia (BC), Québec (QC), and Ontario (ON) between May 2000 and April 2005, followed until December 2008. For the purposes of this study, individuals who had at least one hearing with a review board were extracted from the NTP dataset (N = 1794: QC = 1089, ON = 483, BC = 222). Over the course of the study, 6743 review board hearings were examined (QC = 3505, ON = 2185, BC = 1053). Despite advances in the risk assessment field, presentation of a comprehensive structured risk assessment to the review board was not the norm. Yet our findings suggest that review boards were taking into account a combination of empirically validated static and dynamic risk factors, as represented by the items of the HCR-20 risk assessment scheme. Particular attention was being paid to the behavior of the patient between hearings (e.g., violent acts, compliance with conditions). Severity of index offense was associated with review board decisions; though index severity is not related to recidivism, it is an important consideration in terms of public perceptions of the justice system and can be related to better established risk factors (i.e., criminal history and prior violence). Historical factors had more influence on the decision to detain someone, while clinical factors were more influential on an AD decision. Disposition stability was the most common trajectory, meaning that a patient with a prior CD disposition was most likely to receive another CD disposition at the next hearing. Static and dynamic risk factors found in the HCR-20 influenced review board determinations, although presentation of a complete structured risk assessment is the exception, not the norm. Results suggest that clinicians recommending less restrictive dispositions are more likely to include a comprehensive risk assessment with their recommendation. An alternative explanation is that, when there is no comprehensive assessment of risk, the review board tends to be more cautious and apply more restrictive dispositions. The practice seems to be contrary to the legislation at the time of the study, given that there should be a presumption that the patient is not a significant threat.fr
dc.identifier.doi10.1002/bsl.2133fr
dc.identifier.issn0735-3936fr
dc.identifier.pubmed25236295fr
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/15785
dc.languageengfr
dc.publisherVan Nostrand Reinholdfr
dc.rightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.subject.rvmHandicapés mentaux et criminalitéfr
dc.subject.rvmCommissions des libérations conditionnelles -- Prise de décisionfr
dc.subject.rvmCriminels malades mentaux -- Réhabilitationfr
dc.titleDynamic and static factors associated with discharge dispositions : the National Trajectory Project of Individuals Found Not Criminally Responsible on Account of Mental Disorder (NCRMD) in Canadafr
dc.typearticle de recherche
dc.type.legacyCOAR1_1::Texte::Périodique::Revue::Contribution à un journal::Article::Article de recherchefr
dcterms.bibliographicCitationBehavioral sciences and the law, Vol. 32 (5), 577-595 (2014)fr
dspace.accessstatus.time2024-03-23 18:00:45
dspace.entity.typePublication
relation.isAuthorOfPublication28418315-bf63-4368-ae4f-976853fee3dd
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery28418315-bf63-4368-ae4f-976853fee3dd
relation.isResourceTypeOfPublication4c433ef5-3937-4530-8252-cca17d715747
relation.isResourceTypeOfPublication.latestForDiscovery4c433ef5-3937-4530-8252-cca17d715747
rioxxterms.project.funder-nameFonds de Recherche du Québec - Santéfr
rioxxterms.project.funder-nameMental Health Commissionfr
rioxxterms.versionAccepted Manuscript (AM)fr
rioxxterms.version-of-recordhttps://doi.org/10.1002/bsl.2133fr

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