Personne : Dallaire, Marie-Pierre
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Dallaire
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Marie-Pierre
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Institut des nutraceutiques et des aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval
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ncf11866601
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Publication Restreint Effects of abomasal infusion of conjugated linoleic acids, Sterculia foetida oil, and fish oil on production performance and the extent of fatty acid Δ9-desaturation in dairy cows(American Dairy Science Association, 2014-07-23) Taga, Hajer; Chouinard, Yvan; Corl, Benjamin; Richard, François J.; Lebeuf, Yolaine; Dallaire, Marie-PierreThe purpose of this study was to determine the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), Sterculia foetida oil (STO), and fish oil (FO) on milk yield and composition, milk FA profile, Δ(9)-desaturation activity, and mammary expression of 2 isoforms of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase (SCD-1 and SCD-5) in lactating dairy cows. Eight multiparous Holstein cows (69 ± 13 d postpartum) were used in a double 4 × 4 Latin square design with 28-d periods. For the first 14 d of each period, cows received an abomasal infusion of (1) 406 g of a saturated fatty acid (SFA) supplement (112 g of 16:0 + 230 g of 18:0) used as a control (CTL), (2) 36 g of a CLA supplement (13.9 g of trans-10,cis-12 18:2) + 370 g of SFA, (3) 7 g of STO (3.1g of 19:1 cyclo) + 399 g of SFA, or (4) 406 g of FO (55.2 g of cis-5,-8,-11,-14,-17 20:5 + 59.3 g of cis-4,-7,-10,-13,-16,-19 22:6). Infusions were followed by a 14-d washout interval. Compared with CTL, STO decreased milk yield from 38.0 to 33.0 kg/d, and increased milk fat concentration from 3.79 to 4.45%. Milk fat concentration was also decreased by CLA (2.23%) and FO (3.34%). Milk fat yield was not affected by STO (1,475 g/d) compared with CTL (1,431 g/d), but was decreased by CLA (774 g/d) and FO (1,186 g/d). Desaturase indices for 10:0, 12:0, and 20:0 were decreased, whereas the extent of desaturation of 14:0, 16:0, 17:0, and 18:0 was not affected by CLA treatment compared with CTL. Infusion of STO significantly decreased all calculated desaturase indices compared with CTL; the 14:0 index was reduced by 80.7%. Infusion of FO decreased the desaturase indices for 10:0, 14:0, 20:0, trans-11 18:1, and 18:0. The effect of FO on the 14:0 index indicates a decrease in apparent Δ(9)-desaturase activity of 30.2%. Compared with CTL, mammary mRNA abundance of SCD-1 was increased by STO (+30%) and decreased by CLA (-24%), whereas FO had no effect. No effect was observed on mRNA abundance of SCD-5. In conclusion, abomasal infusion of CLA, STO, and FO were shown to exhibit varying and distinct effects on desaturase indices, an indicator of apparent SCD activity, and mammary mRNA abundance of SCD-1.Publication Accès libre Effets in vivo de la nutrition lipidique sur les micro-domaines membranaires de la glande mammaire et la désaturation des acides gras chez le bovin laitier(2013) Dallaire, Marie-Pierre; Chouinard, Yvan; Gervais, Rachel; Richard, FrançoisLes effets de traitements alimentaires lipidiques sur la composition des rafts membranaires et l’activité de désaturation des acides gras de la glande mammaire et sur les performances productives des bovins laitiers ont été étudiés. La recherche a donné lieu à deux articles distincts, dont celui présenté dans ce mémoire, qui montre que des apports 1) en acides linoléiques conjugués a diminué la transcription du gène de la ∆9-désaturase sans affecter son activité enzymatique apparente; 2) en huile de sterculia fœtida a réduit l’activité de la ∆9-désaturase tout en augmentant l’abondance relative de l’ARNm codant pour cette enzyme ou; 3) en huile de poisson a diminué l’activité de l’enzyme sans en affecter la transcription génétique. Les résultats de cette recherche démontrent que l’activité de désaturation de la glande mammaire de même que les performances de production des bovins laitiers peuvent être modifiées par différents apports lipidiques alimentaires.