Personne : Maréchal, Loïze
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Maréchal
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Loïze
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Département d'obstétrique, gynécologie et reproduction, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval
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Publication Accès libre Identification and localization of the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 10A in bovine testis and mature spermatozoa(Public Library of Science, 2016-08-22) Tremblay, Marie-Ève; El Hajj, Hassan; Leclerc, Pierre; Richard, François J.; Goupil, Serge; Maréchal, LoïzeIn mammals, adenosine 3’, 5’-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) is known to play highly important roles in sperm motility and acrosomal exocytosis. It is known to act through protein phosphorylation via PRKA and through the activation of guanine nucleotide exchange factors like EPAC. Sperm intracellular cAMP levels depend on the activity of adenylyl cyclases, mostly SACY, though transmembrane-containing adenylyl cyclases are also present, and on the activity of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDE) whose role is to degrade cAMP into 5’-AMP. The PDE superfamily is subdivided into 11 families (PDE1 to 11), which act on either cAMP or cGMP, or on both cAMP and cGMP although with different enzymatic properties. PDE10, which is more effective on cAMP than cGMP, has been known for almost 15 years and is mostly studied in the brain where it is associated with neurological disorders. Although a high level of PDE10A gene expression is observed in the testis, information on the identity of the isoforms or on the cell type that express the PDE10 protein is lacking. The objective of this study was to identify the PDE10A isoforms expressed in the testis and germ cells, and to determine the presence and localization of PDE10A in mature spermatozoa. As a sub-objective, since PDE10A transcript variants were reported strictly through analyses of bovine genomic sequence, we also wanted to determine the nucleotide and amino acid sequences by experimental evidence. Using RT-PCR, 5’- and 3’-RACE approaches we clearly show that PDE10A transcript variants X3 and X5 are expressed in bovine testis as well as in primary spermatocytes and spermatids. We also reveal using a combination of immunological techniques and proteomics analytical tools that the PDE10A isoform X4 is present in the area of the developing acrosome of spermatids and of the acrosome of mature spermatozoa.Publication Accès libre La Phosphodiestérase 10 (PDE10) dans la physiologie du spermatozoïde, caractérisation, localisation et fonction(2017) Maréchal, Loïze; Leclerc, Pierre; Richard, FrançoisSur onze familles actuellement connues, la phosphodiestérase 10 (PDE10) est une des plus récemment découverte. Si elle est surtout exprimée dans le cerveau (striatum), où elle a beaucoup été étudiée car impliquée dans plusieurs pathologies neurologiques, elle est aussi exprimée dans le testicule. Cette PDE est capable d'hydrolyser à la fois l'AMPc et le GMPc, mais est bien plus efficace sur le premier. Ce mémoire sera consacré à l'étude de la PDE10 dans le spermatozoïde, depuis sa découverte et sa caractérisation, jusqu'à des ébauches de pistes sur sa régulation et son rôle dans la physiologie spermatique. L'étude se concentrera principalement sur un modèle bovin, mais des aspects humains de la PDE10 spermatique y seront également abordés. On y apprendra que l'isoforme retrouvée chez le bovin est celle nommée PDE10X4 et que celle retrouvée chez l'humain lui est très similaire. La protéine est retrouvée dans la région acrosomale du spermatozoïde et semble plutôt cytosolique, même si une association aux membranes n'est pas exclue. La protéine semble faire partie de complexes protéiques de haut poids moléculaire dont les autres membres restent à déterminer. La régulation de PDE10 spermatique semble assez différente de ce que l'on retrouve dans le striatum, puisque dans le gamète mâle, on ne retrouve ni phosphorylation ni palmitoylation de PDE10. L'impact de PDE10 sur la phosphorylation des protéines et la motilité des spermatozoïdes est abordé. Pour terminer, PDE10 semble impliquée dans la réaction d'acrosome, mais son rôle précis reste encore à définir.Publication Restreint Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases in human spermatozoa and seminal fluid : presence of an active PDE10A in human spermatozoa(Elsevier, 2016-11-09) Leclerc, Pierre; Richard, François J.; Guillemette, Christine; Goupil, Serge; Maréchal, Loïze; Blondin, Patrick.Background: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) plays a crucial role as a signaling molecule for sperm functions such as capacitation, motility and acrosome reaction. It is well known that cAMP degradation by phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzyme has a major impact on sperm functions. The present study was undertaken to characterize cAMP-PDE activity in human semen. Methods: cAMP-PDE activity was measured in human sperm and seminal plasma using family specific PDE inhibitors. Three sperm fractionation methods were applied to assess cAMP-PDE activity in spermatozoa. Western blots were used to validate the presence of specific family in sperm and seminal plasma. Results: Using three sperm fractionation methods, we demonstrated that in human sperm, the major cAMP-PDE activity is papaverine-sensitive and thus ascribed to PDE10. In seminal plasma, total cAMP-PDE activity was 1.14 ± 0.39 fmol of cAMP hydrolyzed per minute per μg of protein. Using specific inhibitors, we showed that the major cAMP-PDE activity found in human seminal plasma is ascribed to PDE4 and PDE11. Western blot analysis, immunoprecipitation with a specific monoclonal antibody, and mass spectrometry confirmed the presence of PDE10 in human spermatozoa. Conclusion: This study provides the first demonstration of the presence of functional PDE10 in human spermatozoa and functional PDE4 and PDE11 in human seminal plasma. General significance: Since the contribution of cyclic nucleotides in several sperm functions is well known, the finding that PDE10 is an active enzyme in human spermatozoa is novel and may lead to new insight into fertility.