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Bherer, Louis

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Bherer

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Louis

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Université Laval. École de psychologie

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ncf10730019

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  • PublicationAccès libre
    Normative data for the rey auditory verbal learning test in the older French-Quebec population
    (Swets Pub. Service, 2018-02-01) Lavoie, Monica; Gagnon, Jean-François; Joubert, Sven; Rouleau, Isabelle; Macoir, Joël; Hudon, Carol; Bherer, Louis; Blanchet, Sophie
    Objective: The aim of this study was to establish normative data for the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, a test assessing verbal episodic memory, in the older French-Quebec population. Method: A total of 432 French-speaking participants aged between 55 and 93 years old, from the Province of Quebec (Canada), were included in the study. Using multiple regression analyses, normative data were developed for five variable of interest, namely scores on trial 1, sum of trials 1 to 5, interference list B, immediate recall of list A, and delayed recall of list A. Results: Results showed that age, education, and sex were associated with performance on all variables. Equations to calculate the expected score for a participant based on sex, age, and education level as well as the Z score were developed. Conclusion: This study provides clinicians with normative data that take into account the participants’ sociodemographic characteristics, thus giving a more accurate interpretation of the results.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Normative data for the Rappel libre/Rappel indicé à 16 items (16-item Free and Cued Recall) in the elderly Quebec-French population
    (Swets Pub., 2014-05-12) Dion, Mélissa; Potvin, Olivier; Vallet, Guillaume; Belleville, Sylvie; Simard, Martine; Ferland, Guylaine; Rouleau, Isabelle; Renaud, Mélanie; Macoir, Joël; Hudon, Carol; Joubert, Sven; Bherer, Louis; Lecomte, Sarah
    Performance on verbal memory tests is generally associated with socio-demographic variables such as age, sex, and education level. Performance also varies between different cultural groups. The present study aimed to establish normative data for the Rappel libre/Rappel indicé à 16 items (16-item Free and Cued Recall; RL/RI-16), a French adaptation of the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (Buschke, 1984; Grober, Buschke, Crystal, Bang, & Dresner, 1988). The sample consisted of 566 healthy French-speaking older adults (50–88 years old) from the province of Quebec, Canada. Normative data for the RL/RI-16 were derived from 80% of the total sample (normative sample) and cross-validated using the remaining participants (20%; validation sample). The effects of participants’ age, sex, and education level were assessed on different indices of memory performance. Results indicated that these variables were independently associated with performance. Normative data are presented as regression equations with standard deviations (symmetric distributions) and percentiles (asymmetric distributions).
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Le temps de réaction à l'arrêt : indices temporels et préparation à réagir
    (1996) Bherer, Louis; Rousseau, Robert
    Cette étude propose une analyse exploratoire des processus sollicités lors d'une tâche de temps de réaction à l'arrêt (stop-reaction lime). Dans une tâche de temps de réaction à l'arrêt (TR-A), les participants doivent réagir le plus rapidement possible à la fin d'une séquence de signaux auditifs ou visuels. L'ensemble des recherches ayant recours à ce paradigme expérimental démontre que la latence de réponse augmente avec l'intervalle temporel entre les signaux successifs. Par contre, le TR-A moyen semble diminuer en fonction du nombre de signaux présentés. Alors que l'effet du nombre de signaux suscite généralement peu d'intérêt, la variation systématique du TR-A en fonction de l'intervalle entre les signaux est rapportée par tous les auteurs et constitue la pierre angulaire des modèles théoriques actuels du TR-A. L'étude qui suit porte précisément sur l'effet du nombre de signaux et propose de l'étudier sous l'angle de la préparation à réagir, un phénomène classiquement étudié en temps de réaction simple. Les expériences qui y sont rapportées suggèrent que la diminution du TR-A en fonction de N est modulée par un indice temporel qui repose sur le chronométrage de la durée des essais.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Older adults with mild cognitive impairments show less driving errors after a multiple sessions simulator training program but do not exhibit long term retention
    (Frontiers Media S.A., 2016-12-27) Germain Robitaille, Mathieu; Moszkowicz, Thierry; Hudon, Lisa; Simoneau, Martin; Teasdale, Normand; Laurendeau, Denis; Duchesne, Simon; Hudon, Carol; Bherer, Louis
    The driving performance of individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is suboptimal when compared to healthy older adults. It is expected that the driving will worsen with the progression of the cognitive decline and thus, whether or not these individuals should continue to drive is a matter of debate. The aim of the study was to provide support to the claim that individuals with MCI can benefit from a training program and improve their overall driving performance in a driving simulator. Fifteen older drivers with MCI participated in five training sessions in a simulator (over a 21-day period) and in a 6-month recall session. During training, they received automated auditory feedback on their performance when an error was noted about various maneuvers known to be suboptimal in MCI individuals (for instance, weaving, omitting to indicate a lane change, to verify a blind spot, or to engage in a visual search before crossing an intersection). The number of errors was compiled for eight different maneuvers for all sessions. For the initial five sessions, a gradual and significant decrease in the number of errors was observed, indicating learning and safer driving. The level of performance, however, was not maintained at the 6-month recall session. Nevertheless, the initial learning observed opens up possibilities to undertake more regular interventions to maintain driving skills and safe driving in MCI individuals.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Trail making test A and B : regression-based normative data for Quebec french-speaking mid and older-aged adults
    (Swets Pub. Service, 2018-05-04) Potvin, Olivier; Parent, Camille; Wilson, Maximiliano Agustin; Gagnon, Jean-François; St-Hilaire, Alexandre; Rouleau, Isabelle; Joubert, Sven; Macoir, Joël; Belleville, Sylvie; Hudon, Carol; Bherer, Louis; Koski, Lisa
    Objective: The Trail Making Test (TMT) is mainly used to assess visual scanning/processing speed (part A) and executive functions (part B). The test has proven sensitive at detecting cognitive impairment during aging. However, previous studies have shown differences between normative data from different countries and cultures, even when corrected for age and education. Such inconsistencies between normative data may lead to serious diagnostic errors, thus, the development of local norms is warranted. The purpose of this study was to provide regression-based normative data for TMT-A and -B, tailored for a large sample of French-speaking adults from Quebec (Canada). Method: The normative sample consisted of 792 participants aged 50–91 years. Based on multiple linear regression, equations to calculate Z-scores were provided for TMT-A and -B, and for a contrast score which compared performance between TMT-A and -B. Percentiles, stratified by age, are presented for the number of recorded errors. Results: Age was a significant predictor for TMT-A performance, while age and education were independently associated with performance on TMT-B. Gender did not have any effect on performance, in either condition. Education was the only significant predictor of the contrast score between TMT-B and TMT-A. Examiners should remain vigilant when two or more errors are recorded on the TMT-B since this was uncommon in the normative sample. Conclusions: Our TMT normative data improve the accurate detection of visual scanning/processing speed and executive function deficits in Quebec (Canada) French-speaking adults.