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Desroches, Sophie

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Desroches

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Sophie

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Université Laval. École de nutrition

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  • PublicationAccès libre
    Assessing patients' involvement in decision making during the nutritional consultation with a dietitian
    (John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2014-07-17) Lapointe, Annie; Vaillancourt, Hugues; Desroches, Sophie; Deschênes, Sarah-Maude; Légaré, France
    Background Shared decision making (SDM) represents an interesting approach to optimize the impact of dietary treatment, but there is no evidence that SDM is commonly integrated into diet-related health care. Objective To assess the extent to which dietitians involve patients in decisions about dietary treatment. Methods We audiotaped dietitians conducting nutritional consultations with their patients, and we transcribed the tapes verbatim. Three trained raters independently evaluated the content of the nutritional consultations using a coding frame based on the 12 items of the French-language version of the OPTION scale, a validated and reliable third-observer instrument designed to assess patients’ involvement by examining specific health professionals’ behaviours. Coding was facilitated by the qualitative research software NVivo 8. We assessed internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha and inter-rater reliability with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results Of the 40 dietitians eligible to participate in the study, 19 took part. We recruited one patient per participating dietitian. The overall mean OPTION score was 29 ± 8% [range, 0% (no patient involvement in the decision] to 100% [high patient involvement)]. The mean duration of consultations was 50 ± 26 min. The OPTION score was positively correlated with the duration of the consultation (r = 0.65, P < 0.01). Internal consistency and inter-rater reliability were both good (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.72; ICC = 0.65). Conclusion This study is the first to use a framework based on the OPTION scale to report on dietitians’ involvement of patients in decisions about patients’ dietary treatment. The results suggest that involvement is suboptimal. Interventions to increase patients’ involvement in diet-related decision making are indicated.
  • PublicationRestreint
    Postmenopausal women with abdominal obesity choosing a nutritional approach for weight loss: A decisional needs assessment
    (Elsevier, 2016-08-19) Lapointe, Annie; Poirier, Nadine; Stacey, Dawn; Lemieux, Simone; Desroches, Sophie; Bégin, Catherine; Légaré, France
    Objectives: To identify the decisional needs of postmenopausal women with abdominal obesity choosing between two nutritional approaches for weight loss: a low-fat diet or a diet rich in fruit and vegetables. Study design: Our descriptive qualitative study was based on the Ottawa Decision Support Framework. Main outcome measures: Four focus groups were conducted with postmenopausal women. A thematic content analysis was performed to determine the decisional needs influencing the choice of a low-fat diet or a diet rich in fruit and vegetables. Results: Seventeen postmenopausal women participated in the study (median age 59 years). Most frequently reported decisional needs for each nutritional approach were sufficient levels of nutritional skills and knowledge, consideration of the physiological impacts and the sensory aspect of approaches, food availability, social support, finances and motivation. Partners, friends and daughters were considered as the most important individuals involved in the decision. Conclusions: We identified several decisional needs influencing postmenopausal women when choosing between a low-fat diet and a diet rich in fruit and vegetables. These findings could inform the design of decision support interventions that address the decisional needs of women for making and implementing informed decisions about a nutritional approach for weight loss.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Exploration of shared decision‐making processes among dieticians and patients during a consultation for the nutritional treatment of dyslipidaemia
    (Blackwell Science, 2014-08-18) Lapointe, Annie; Vaillancourt, Hugues; Gagnon, Marie-Pierre; Desroches, Sophie; Deschênes, Sarah-Maude; Légaré, France
    Background: Shared decision making (SDM) holds great potential for improving the therapeutic efficiency and quality of nutritional treatment of dyslipidaemia by promoting patient involvement in decision making. Adoption of specific behaviours fostering SDM during consultations has yet to be studied in routine dietetic practice. Objective: Using a cross-sectional study design, we aimed to explore both dieticians’ and patients’ adoption of SDM behaviours in dietetic consultations regarding the nutritional treatment of dyslipidaemia. Methods: Twenty-six dieticians working in local health clinics in the Quebec City metropolitan area were each asked to identify one dyslipidaemic patient they would see in an upcoming consultation. Based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), questionnaires were designed to study two targeted SDM behaviours: ‘to discuss nutritional treatment options for dyslipidaemia’ and ‘to discuss patients’ values and preferences about nutritional treatment options for dyslipidaemia’. These questionnaires were administered to the dietician–patient dyad individually before the consultation. Associations between TPB constructs (attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control) towards behavioural intentions were analysed using Spearman’s partial correlations. Results: Thirteen unique patient-dietician dyads completed the study. Perceived behavioural control was the only TPB construct significantly associated with both dieticians’ and patients’ intentions to adopt the targeted SDM behaviours (P < 0.05). Conclusions: As perceived behavioural control seems to determine dieticians’ and patients’ adoption of SDM behaviours, interventions addressing barriers and reinforcing enablers of these behaviours are indicated. This exploratory study highlights issues that could be addressed in future research endeavours to expand the knowledge base relating to SDM adoption in dietetic practice.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Individuals with self-determined motivation for eating have better overall diet quality : Results from the PREDISE study
    (Academic Press, 2021-05-24) Carbonneau, Élise; Pelletier, Luc; Bégin, Catherine; Lamarche, Benoît; Bélanger, Mathieu; Provencher, Véronique; Desroches, Sophie; Robitaille, Julie; Vohl, Marie-Claude; Couillard, Charles; Bouchard, Luigi; Houle, Julie; Langlois, Marie-France; Rabasa-Lhoret, Rémi; Corneau, Louise; Lemieux, Simone; Corneau, Louise
    The study aimed at documenting motivational orientations for the regulation of eating as defined by self-determination theory and their association with sociodemographic characteristics and overall diet quality. As part of the PREDISE study, French-speaking women (n = 550) and men (n = 547), aged 18-65 years, living in the Province of Québec, Canada, completed online validated questionnaires. The Regulation of Eating Behavior Scale, based on the self-determination theory, assessed self-determined and non-self-determined motivation to regulate one's eating behavior. Three web-based 24-h food recalls were completed and used to compute the Canadian Healthy Eating Index 2007 (C-HEI), an indicator of the overall adherence to Canadian guidelines for healthy eating. Multiple linear regressions were performed to assess how regulation styles are associated with the C-HEI. Model 1 included no covariate, model 2 included sociodemographic covariates, and fully adjusted model 3 included as covariates sociodemographic variables as well as variables that were previously associated with diet quality, namely nutrition knowledge and social support for healthy eating. Women (p < 0.0001), older individuals (p = 0.0002), those with a higher education level (p < 0.0001), and non-smokers (p < 0.0001) reported higher self-determined motivation score than their counterparts. Self-determined motivation was positively (model 1: B = 4.67, p < 0.0001; model 2: B = 3.82, p < 0.0001; model 3: B = 3.61, p < 0.0001) and non-self-determined motivation was negatively (model 1: B = -1.62, p = 0.0009; model 2: B = -1.63, p = 0.0006; model 2: B = -1.49, p = 0.0022) associated with C-HEI. The present study suggests that some subgroups of the general adult population show more self-determined motivation for eating, which is associated with a better diet quality independently of individual characteristics and other individual and social determinants of healthy eating. Strategies to help individuals internalize the regulation of eating should be further investigated.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Is eating pleasure compatible with healthy eating? : a qualitative study on Quebecers’ perceptions
    (Elsevier, 2018-03-02) Landry, Myriam; Lemieux, Simone; Lapointe, Annie; Bédard, Alexandra; Bélanger-Gravel, Ariane; Bégin, Catherine; Provencher, Véronique; Desroches, Sophie
    Given that traditional interventions promoting the adoption of a healthy diet are having limited impacts on the population’s food choices and eating behaviours, researchers and health practitioners could explore alternative strategies such as the use of eating pleasure to promote healthy eating. To inform future interventions using this approach, this study aimed to explore how a sample of Quebecers perceives and defines eating pleasure and healthy eating. Specific objectives were to verify what commonalities can be found between their definitions of eating pleasure and healthy eating, and what differences can be observed in their answers based on their gender and body mass index (BMI). Twelve focus groups were conducted in Quebec City, Canada, among women and men with a normal weight and with obesity (n=92). Verbatim transcripts were double-coded using NVivo10. Participants mostly defined eating pleasure through food characteristics related to sensory qualities and psychosocial contexts. In contrast, they mostly mentioned food characteristics related to nutritional quality and ways to regulate eating behaviours to define healthy eating. Most salient perceptions were similar among subgroups based on gender or BMI. Results showed that in participants’ perceptions, the concepts of eating pleasure and healthy eating were different, but appeared to be mostly compatible, which makes the integration of eating pleasure a promising avenue for interventions promoting healthy eating.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Social support, but not perceived food environment, is associated with diet quality in French-speaking Canadians from the PREDISE study
    (M D P I AG, 2019-12-12) Carbonneau, Élise; Bélanger, Mathieu; Couillard, Charles; Corneau, Louise; Lamarche, Benoît; Lemieux, Simone; Vohl, Marie-Claude; Bouchard, Luigi; Robitaille, Julie; Pelletier, Luc G.; Desroches, Sophie; Houle, Julie; Bégin, Catherine; Langlois, Marie-France; Provencher, Véronique
    The objectives were to assess whether social support for healthy eating and perceived food environment are associated with diet quality, and to investigate if sociodemographic characteristics moderate these associations. A probability sample of French-speaking adults from the Province of Québec, Canada, was recruited in the context of the PREDISE study. Participants reported their perceptions of supportive and non-supportive actions related to healthy eating from close others at home and outside of home (n = 952), and of the accessibility to healthy foods (n = 1035). The Canadian Healthy Eating Index (C-HEI) was calculated based on three Web-based 24 h food recalls. Multiple linear regression models showed that supportive (B = 1.50 (95% CI 0.46, 2.54)) and non-supportive (B = −3.06 (95% CI −4.94, −1.18)) actions related to healthy eating from close others at home were positively and negatively associated with C-HEI, respectively, whereas actions from close others outside of home were not. The negative association between non-supportive actions occurring at home and C-HEI was stronger among participants with lower (vs. higher) levels of education (p interaction = 0.03). Perceived accessibility to healthy foods was not associated with C-HEI (p > 0.05). These results suggest that the social environment may have a stronger influence on healthy eating than the perceived physical environment. This adds support for healthy eating promotion programs involving entire families, especially for more socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals, whose efforts to eat healthily may be more easily thwarted by non-supportive households
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Impact of pleasure-oriented messages on food choices : is it more effective than traditional health-oriented messages to promote healthy eating ?
    (Elsevier, 2019-08-01) Trudel Guy, Catherine; Bédard, Alexandra; Corneau, Louise; Bélanger-Gravel, Ariane; Desroches, Sophie; Bégin, Catherine; Provencher, Véronique; Lemieux, Simone
    Some authors have suggested that eating pleasure is underused to promote healthy eating. However, little is known about the potential of pleasure-oriented messages to lead to healthier food choices. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of pleasure- and health-oriented messages on food choices made from a buffet. One hundred and ninety-eight participants (50% women), unaware of the real objective of the study, were randomized in three groups: 1) pleasure, 2) health, and 3) control. They first completed three 24h food recalls to assess their overall diet quality using the Canadian Healthy Eating Index (C-HEI; score: 0 to 100). Thereafter, participants came to the research institute and those randomized in the “pleasure” and “health” groups read a leaflet on healthy eating, using either a pleasure or a health orientation respectively. Participants in the control group had no leaflet to read. All participants had subsequently to choose four food items in a buffet offering both healthy and unhealthy foods. Results showed a group by diet quality interaction (p=0.02). Among participants with lower diet quality (C-HEI score below 50), those in the pleasure and health groups were more likely than participants in the control group to choose a healthier main course (prevalence ratios (PR) 1.71, 95% CI 1.12-2.62 and 1.83, 95% CI 1.21-2.77 for the pleasure and health group respectively) and a healthier beverage (PR 1.67, 95% CI 1.02-2.71 and 1.66, 95% CI 1.02-2.72, respectively). No such effect was observed among participants with higher C-HEI scores. In conclusion, our results suggest that in people with sub-optimal dietary habits, pleasure-oriented messages and traditional health messages are both useful to favor healthy main course and beverage choices.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Approaches to considering sex and gender in continuous professional development for health and social care professionals : an emerging paradigm
    (Taylor & Francis, 2018-07-28) Bilodeau, André.; Borduas, Francine; Dogba, Maman Joyce; Monette, Céline; Blair, Louisa; Robitaille, Hubert; Rhugenda, Sylvie-Marianne; Stacey, Dawn; Gagnon, Marie-Pierre; Tanguay, Dominique; Bélanger, Annie-Pierre; Tremblay, Marie-Claude; Bussières, André; Desroches, Sophie; Lee-Gosselin, Hélène; Roch, Geneviève; Jose, Caroline; Légaré, France
    Consideration of sex and gender in research and clinical practice is necessary to redress health inequities and reduce knowledge gaps. As all health professionals must maintain and update their skills throughout their career, developing innovative continuing professional education programs that integrate sex and gender issues holds great promise for reducing these gaps. This article proposes new approaches to partnership, team development, pedagogical theory, content development, evaluation and data management that will advance the integration of sex and gender in continuing professional development (CPD). Our perspectives build on an intersectoral and interprofessional research team that includes several perspectives, including those of CPD, health systems, knowledge translation and sex and gender.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Full-time employment, diet quality and food skills of Canadian parents
    (Dietitians of Canada, 2019-02-07) Turcotte, Mylène; Marquis, Marie; Fernandez, Melissa Anne; Desroches, Sophie; Provencher, Véronique
    Purpose : To explore the associations between full-time employment status, food skills, and diet quality of Canadian parents. Methods : A sample of Canadian parents (n = 767) were invited to complete a web-based survey that included sociodemographic variables, questions about food skills, and a validated food frequency questionnaire. Results were analyzed with linear and logistic regression models, controlling for sociodemographic variables and multiple testing. Results : After controlling for covariates and multiple testing, there were no statistically significant differences in foods skills between parents’ employment status. Time was the most reported barrier for meal preparation, regardless of work status, but was significantly greater for full-time compared with other employment status (P < 0.0001). Additionally, parents who worked full-time had lower odds of reporting food preferences or dietary restrictions (P = 0.0001) and health issues or allergies (P = 0.0003) as barriers to food preparation, compared with parents with other employment status. These results remained statistically significant even after controlling for covariates and multiple testing. Conclusions : Overall, food skills did not differ significantly between parents’ employment status. Time, however, was an important barrier for most parents, especially those working full time. To promote home-based food preparation among parents, strategies to manage time scarcity are needed.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Approches nutritionnelles pour le traitement du syndrome métabolique et de ses complications
    (2007) Desroches, Sophie; Lamarche, Benoît
    L'amélioration des habitudes de vie se situe au coeur des stratégies préventives visant la prise en charge du syndrome métabolique. Toutefois, il n'existe pas de consensus précis quant aux meilleures recommandations nutritionnelles pour traiter le syndrome métabolique. Dans cette thèse, les mécanismes par lesquels un régime faible en gras et un régime riche en gras monoinsaturés affectent différents facteurs de risque de maladies cardiovasculaires associés au syndrome métabolique ont été étudiés. Les analyses de la cinétique in vivo de diverses apolipoprotéines (apo) ont révélé que la diminution des concentrations plasmatiques de cholestérol-HDL entraînée par la consommation du régime faible en gras était attribuable à une diminution de la production de l'apoA-I. Toutefois, lorsqu'associé à une perte de poids modeste, le régime faible en gras a entraîné une diminution parallèle du catabolisme de l'apoA-I, évoquant ainsi la possibilité d'un mécanisme de compensation bénéfique permettant de ralentir la diminution des concentrations de cholestérol-HDL. L'analyse de la cinétique in vivo de l'apoCIII plasmatique et de l'apoB-100 des lipoprotéines de très faible densité, deux déterminants des concentrations plasmatiques de triglycérides, a montré que la variation des taux de production de ces apolipoprotéines entraînée par la consommation du régime riche en gras monoinsaturés pourrait être responsable, en partie, de l'effet hypotriglycéridémiant de ce régime. Aucun des deux régimes expérimentaux n'a entraîné de changements significatifs dans les concentrations plasmatiques de protéine C-réactive (CRP). Cependant, les valeurs basâtes de CRP des sujets prédisaient leur réponse lipidique et lipoprotéique à chacun des régimes expérimentaux de sorte que les individus ayant des concentrations plasmatiques de CRP plus élevées au départ avaient une réponse moins favorable aux régimes. Finalement, les deux régimes expérimentaux ont entraîné une diminution significative des concentrations plasmatiques d'adiponectine, laquelle semble s'expliquer, entre autres, par les changements lipidiques et lipoprotéiques survenus en réponse aux régimes. Les résultats de cette thèse ne permettent pas d'identifier le régime optimal pour traiter le syndrome métabolique. Toutefois, les connaissances nouvelles engendrées ont permis de soulever des pistes intéressantes concernant les mécanismes d'action de deux régimes préconisés pour améliorer le profil de risque cardiovasculaire.