Personne : Bélanger, Martin
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Bélanger
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Martin
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Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Centre de recherche Hôpital Laval, Université Laval
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Publication Restreint Role of caveolin-1 in etoposide resistance development in A549 lung cancer cells(Taylor & Francis, 2004-07-23) Roussel, Élise; Couët, Jacques; Bélanger, Martin; Gaudreau, Martin.Caveolin 1 expression is downregulated in various cancer cell lines. Interestingly, in several drug-resistant cancer cells, a strong induction of caveolin 1 expression has been reported suggesting a role for caveolin 1 in the acquisition and/or the maintenance of multidrug resistance phenotype. In addition, it was reported that p-glycoprotein localized to caveolin-rich membrane domains in these cells. In this study, we progressively exposed A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells to increasing doses of etoposide. Both R1 and R2 cell lines had greatly increased levels of p-glycoprotein expression while mrp expression levels were moderately increased but only R2 cells had raised caveolin levels compared to control A549 cells. Both caveolin-1 and p-glycoprotein colocalize in Triton-insoluble membrane domains in all our cell lines but only caveolins-1 was solubilized by the addition of octylglucoside at 4C suggesting that these two proteins are located in different membrane domains. Using an anti-caveolin-1 antibody, we did not succeed to immunoprecipitate p-glycoprotein. Interestingly, total cellular cholesterol (the major lipid component of caveolae and triton-insoluble domains) was greatly increased in both R1 and R2 cell lines compared to naive A549 cells.Publication Accès libre Caractérisation d'une lignée cellulaire cancéreuse du poumon résistante au VP-16(2006) Bélanger, Martin; Couët, JacquesLe cancer du poumon atteint une large population partout à travers le monde. En plus d'être un cancer qui se détecte souvent très tard et qui métastase fréquemment, certains cas de cancer du poumon répondent très peu à la chimiothérapie. De fait, le tissu pulmonaire normal possède une résistance intrinsèque basale élevée aux xénobiotiques. Cette résistance intrinsèque du tissu pulmonaire, nous a inspirés grandement lors du choix du thème principal de cette thèse de doctorat : la caractérisation de lignées cellulaires cancéreuses du poumon chimiorésistantes. Bien que de nombreux travaux aient étudié la chimiorésistance dans des lignées cellulaires cancéreuses du poumon déjà chimiorésistantes, nos travaux ont plutôt porté sur la caractérisation de lignées cellulaires cancéreuses du poumon A549 lors du développement de cette chimiorésistance. Les premiers concepts abordés seront le cancer en général puis le cancer du poumon. Suivront les différents concepts de fonctionnement de la chimiothérapie. Par la suite, nous aborderons les cavéolines, une famille de gènes dont les membres ont un effet suppresseur de tumeur et dont l'expression est modulée dans des cellules cancéreuses naïves et chimiorésistantes. Nous décrirons aussi le concept de chimiorésistance, à laquelle plusieurs auteurs réfèrent par phénotype MDR (de l'anglais « Multidrug-resistance »). Nous aborderons ainsi les échangeurs multidrogues de la famille ABC (ATP-Binding Cassette), dont certains membres impliqués dans l'efflux d'agents antinéoplasiques, sont surexprimés dans plusieurs lignées cellulaires cancéreuses chimiorésistantes. Finalement, nous traiterons d'un autre type de changement cellulaire observé dans des cellules chimiorésistantes, soit les modifications lipidiques à la membrane plasmatique. Plusieurs études ont démontré que la quantité de certains types de lipides présents à la membrane plasmatique, par exemple le cholestérol et plusieurs sphingolipides, était modulée dans des cellules cancéreuses chimiorésistantes. De plus, plusieurs de ces lipides sont maintenant considérés comme des seconds messagers cellulaires et reconnus pour leur rôle dans la localisation membranaire de plusieurs molécules de la signalisation cellulaire. Nous avons tenté de faire un lien entre la présence de certains lipides dans nos lignées cellulaires chimiorésistantes et leur phénotype MDR.Publication Restreint Cell biology of caveolae and caveolin(Elsevier, 2001-07-25) Roussel, Élise; Couët, Jacques; Bélanger, Martin; Drolet, Marie-Claude.Originally described in the 1950s caveolae are morphologically identifiable as small omega-shaped plasma membrane invaginations present in most cell types. Caveolae are particularly abundant in adipocytes, fibroblasts, type 1 pneumocytes, endothelial and epithelial cells as well as in smooth and striated muscle cells. The first proposed function for caveolae was that of mediating the internalisation and transendothelial trafficking of solutes. Caveolae have been the object of intense research since the discovery of a biochemical marker protein, caveolin, in the early 1990s. Three genes encoding for caveolins have been characterised in mammals. Caveolins (18-24 kDa) are integral membrane proteins that constitute the major protein component of caveolar membrane in vivo. In addition to a structural role of caveolins in the formation of caveolae, caveolin protein interacts directly, and in a regulated manner, with a number of signalling molecules. We present here a general overview of the current knowledge on the structural role of caveolin in caveolae formation, and implication of caveolin in the control of cell signalling.Publication Accès libre Up-regulation of caveolin expression by cytotoxic agents in drug-sensitive cancer cells(Rapid Communications of Oxford, 2003-04-01) Roussel, Élise; Couët, Jacques; Bélanger, MartinCaveolin 1 expression is down-regulated in various cancer cell lines. Interestingly, in several drug-resistant cancer cells, a strong induction of caveolin 1 expression has been reported, suggesting a role for caveolin 1 in the acquisition and/or the maintenance of the multidrug-resistance phenotype. Here, we show, in drug-sensitive lung cancer cells (A549, Calu-6 or NCI-H69), that exposure to cytotoxic drugs (taxol, doxorubicin or etoposide) is sufficient to strongly up-regulate caveolin 1 and 2 protein levels. This up-regulation is sustained even 1 week after drug removal. Our results suggest that caveolin up-regulation is an early cellular response to a cytotoxic stress taking place before drug resistance.Publication Restreint Reduction of caveolin 1 gene expression in lung carcinoma cell lines(Academic Press, 2002-05-25) Hirabayashi, Hirohisa; Chakir, Jamila; Couët, Jacques; Boucher, Maryléne; Bélanger, Martin; Racine, ClaudiaCaveolae are plasma membrane microdomains that have been implicated in organizing and concentrating certain signaling molecules. Caveolins, constitute the main structural proteins of caveolae. Caveolae are abundant in terminally differentiated cell types. However, caveolin-1 is down-regulated in transformed cells and may have a potential tumor suppressor activity. In the lung, caveolae are present in the endothelium, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts as well as in type I pneumocytes. The presence of caveolae and caveolin expression in the bronchial epithelium, although probable, has not been investigated in human. We were interested to see if the bronchial epithelia express caveolins and if this expression was modified in cancer cells. We thus tested for caveolin-1 and -2 expression several bronchial epithelial primary cell lines as well as eight lung cancer cell lines and one larynx tumor cell line. Both caveolin-1 and -2 are expressed in all normal bronchial cell lines. With the exception of Calu-1 cell line, all cancer cell lines showed very low or no expression of caveolin-1 while caveolin-2 expression was similar to the one observed in normal bronchial epithelial cells.Publication Accès libre G2/M blockade by paclitaxel induces caveolin-1 expression in A549 lung cancer cells : caveolin-1 as a marker of cytotoxicity.(Rapid Communications of Oxford, 2004-11-01) Roussel, Élise; Couët, Jacques; Bélanger, MartinCaveolins are highly expressed in terminally differentiated cells, but this expression is down-regulated in various cancer cell lines. Exposure to low doses of paclitaxel (taxol) is sufficient to up-regulate caveolin-1, suggesting that a mild cytotoxic stress induces a response implying caveolin and caveolae. Here we show that this up-regulation is sustained even after the cessation of paclitaxel treatment. After exposure to a cytostatic dose of paclitaxel (50 nM), A549 lung cancer cells are blocked in the G2/M cell cycle phase. After removal of paclitaxel, cell death occurs, accompanied with an increase in caveolin expression, suggesting an effect of caveolin in this process. Three days post-paclitaxel treatment, surviving A549 cells were passaged and only a half of them adhered to the culture dish. Adhering cells (still mainly in the G2/M cell cycle phase) were still unable to grow and progressively entered in an apoptotic state. This study suggests that effects of a low dose of paclitaxel were still present even 1 week after drug removal and that caveolin-1 is a good marker of cytotoxicity.