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Rodríguez Durán, Iván

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Rodríguez Durán

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Iván

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CHU de Québec-Université Laval

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Voici les éléments 1 - 9 sur 9
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Deposition of anti-fog coatings on glass substrates using the jet of an open-to-air microwave argon plasma at atmospheric pressure
    (Wiley-VCH-Verl., 2020-04-22) Durocher-Jean, Antoine; Rodríguez Durán, Iván; Asadollahi, Siavash; Laroche, Gaétan; Stafford, Luc
    This study reports a one-step process for the formation of anti-fog coatings on commercial glass substrates using the jet of an open-to-air microwave argon plasma at atmospheric pressure with hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) as the precursor for plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Optical microscopy and broadband light transmittance measurements revealed significant precursor fragmentation and gas phase association reactions when HMDSO was injected close to the tube outlet, resulting in powder-like, hydrophobic, and semiopaque glass surfaces. On the contrary, injection of HMDSO close to the substrate led to smoother, homogeneous, hydrophilic, and transparent glass surfaces. In addition, transmittance measurements at 590 nm in humid air according to American Society for Testing and Materials standard tests revealed superior antifogging properties to plasma-treated glass substrates. On the basis of the optical emission and absorption spectroscopy measurements, electrons, metastable argon atoms, and hot neutral argon atoms were mostly responsible for the significant precursor fragmentation close to the tube outlet, whereas the contribution of hot neutrals and ultraviolet photons became important close to the substrate.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Atmospheric pressure townsend discharges as a promising tool for the one‐step deposition of antifogging coatings from N2O/TMCTS mixtures
    (Wiley, 2020-02-13) Laroche, Gaétan; Durocher-Jean, Antoine; Rodríguez Durán, Iván; Profili, Jacopo; Stafford, Luc
    The need to ensuring the “see‐through” property of transparent materials when exposed to sudden temperature changes or very humid conditions has encouraged the development of antifogging strategies, such as the deposition of (super)hydrophilic coatings. However, despite the effectiveness of these coatings in combating the effects of fogging, most of the coating techniques explored to date are typically time‐consuming and environment‐unfriendly. Bearing this in mind, we demonstrate that the application of dielectric barrier discharges operated at atmospheric pressure proves to be successful in preparing antifogging coatings on glass samples from 1,3,5,7‐tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane (TMCTS) and nitrous oxide (N2O). The antifogging performance of the coatings was found to be governed by the [N2O]/[TMCTS] ratio and not by the [N2O] + [TMCTS] sum. Coatings prepared under a [N2O]/[TMCTS] = 30 were superhydrophilic (water contact angles ≈ 5°–10°) due to surface silanol groups and endowed glass samples with a superior antifogging property, as revealed by the ASTM F 659‐06 test. In contrast, because of the lesser hydrophilicity (water contact angles ≈ 60°), coatings prepared under a [N2O]/[TMCTS] = 10 did not endow glass samples with antifogging property. Regardless of the deposition conditions, the plasma‐deposited coatings displayed crack‐free smooth surfaces (Rrms = 2−4 nm).
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Dielectric barrier discharges : a promising tool for the fabrication of anti-fogging coatings
    (2019) Rodríguez Durán, Iván; Laroche, Gaétan
    La « vue floue » typique des surfaces embuées peut être extrêmement frustrante. Des exemples tels que les lunettes qui s’embuent pendant l’activité physique, la condensation qui se forme à l’intérieur des fenêtres pendant l’hiver ou les miroirs qui se couvrent de buée pendant la douche le démontrent. En outre, la présence de buée sur les surfaces cause des effets néfastes dans certains secteurs d’activité comme l’industrie automobile (pare-brise et rétroviseurs), l’industrie optique (objectifs, caméras, télescopes et capteurs), l’industrie solaire (modules photovoltaïques), l’industrie alimentaire (emballages d’aliments) et le secteur médical (lunettes et endoscopes). Au cours de la dernière décennie, l’application de revêtements (super)hydrophiles a suscité un intérêt croissant, en raison de leur capacité d’atténuer les effets de la buée. Leur principe de fonctionnement repose sur l’utilisation de matériaux interagissant avec les gouttes d’eau pour en modifier leur morphologie, générant une couche mince d’eau sur la surface. Ainsi, la lumière incidente n’est pas dispersée et les effets de la buée sont amoindris. Jusqu’à présent, la plupart des techniques de dépôt explorées pour produire des revêtements (super) hydrophiles sont inaccessibles à la production de masse en raison de leur nature multiétape. Pour cette raison, l’exploration de techniques adaptées à ce type de production, telles que les décharges à barrière diélectrique à pression atmosphérique (AP-DBD), un type de procédé de dépôt chimique en phase vapeur assisté par plasma (AP-PECVD), est cruciale afin d’élargir l’utilisation des revêtements antibuée au-delà du laboratoire. Dans un procédé AP-PECVD contrôlé par des barrières diélectriques (AP-DBD), certains précurseurs inorganiques ou organométalliques (e.g., TiCl4, TiN, SiH4, Si2O(CH3)2) sont introduits entre deux électrodes parallèles avec un gaz vecteur (e.g., N2, Ar, He) à la pression atmosphérique, où ils se fragmentent à la suite d’interactions avec les espèces du plasma. Les fragments résultants réagissent les uns avec les autres ou avec le substrat afin de produire les espèces réactives requises au dépôt du revêtement. Les caractéristiques structurelles et fonctionnelles des revêtements PECVD (e.g., la rugosité de surface, la biocompatibilité, les propriétés optiques et de mouillage) dépendent des certains paramètres de dépôt, tels que la puissance dissipée dans la décharge, le type de décharge, la concentration de précurseurs et le débit de gaz. La possibilité de se procurer des échantillons de verre dotés de la propriété antibuée via APPECVD a été démontrée dans cette thèse. En contrôlant les paramètres de dépôt, les revêtements antibuée ont été préparés en utilisant du 1,3,5,7-tétraméthylcyclotétrasiloxane (Si4O4H4(CH3)4) et de l’oxyde nitreux (N2O) au moyen d’une DBD fonctionnant en N2 à la pression atmosphérique. Dans le cas des revêtements fabriqués dans des conditions statiques (aucun mouvement entre l’échantillon de verre et les électrodes), l’évaluation quantitative de la résistance à la buée (ASTM F 659-06) a révélé que les revêtements obtenus avec un rapport [N2O]/[TMCTS] ³ 30 ou avec une puissance dissipée ³ 0,25 W cm-2 sont antibuée (transmittance > 80%) en raison de leur nature hydrophile. La quantité de précurseur et d’oxydant injectée dans la décharge, exprimée par la somme « [N2O] + [TMCTS] », n’agissait que peu sur la performance antibuée. En l’absence de changements significatifs dans la rugosité de surface (Rrms et Ra étant compris entre 3 et 6 nm), l’origine de la performance antibuée a été attribuée à la chimie de surface. Couplé aux rapports O/Si (résultats XPS), un paramètre arbitraire, appelé « rapport d’embuage » a été défini en considérant les résultats FTIR pour expliquer les performances antibuée observées. On a pu constater qu’un rapport O/Si ≥ 2,3 couplé à un rapport d’embuage dans l’intervalle de 0-0,10, résultant de la présence de fonctionnalités hydrophiles, telles que les groupes silanol, hydroxyle, carboxyle or ester à la surface étaient nécessaires pour atteindre la propriété antibuée. Par ailleurs, les revêtements préparés dans des conditions dynamiques utilisant trois autres précurseurs aux structures différentes quant à la présence d’un cycle et au nombre de groupes Si-H et Si-CH3 (l’octaméthylcyclotétrasiloxane, le 1,1,3,3-tétraméthyldisiloxane et l’hexaméthyldisiloxane) n’étaient pas antibuée. Ce résultat porte à croire que la structure cyclique du TMCTS et la forte réactivité des liaisons Si-H est à l’origine de la formation de ces fonctionnalités hydrophiles et par conséquent, à la performance antibuée observée dans les verres traités en injectant du TMCTS dans la décharge plasma.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Current trends, challenges, and perspectives of anti-fogging technology : surface and material design, fabrication strategies, and beyond
    (Pergamon Press, 2018-09-07) Laroche, Gaétan; Rodríguez Durán, Iván
    Transparent materials such as glasses and some polymers play an essential role in our daily life. Indeed, it is well known that their application in mirrors, windows, automobile windshields, and eyewear make our day-to-day activities more comfortable. These examples aside, many more can also be found in several spheres of human activity, including such sectors as diverse and distinct as the medical, photovoltaic and food industry fields. Unfortunately, due to the unavoidable condensation of water vapor on solid surfaces, these materials undergo fogging under normal operating conditions. More than a mere nuisance, this naturally occurring phenomenon adversely affects their optical performance as it lowers the light-transmitting capability and often gives rise to esthetical, hygienic, and safety concerns. In this context, research in the field of anti-fogging technology has attracted growing interest, particularly in recent years, for numerous potential applications. In this review, recent developments in the design and manufacturing of anti-fogging surfaces are described in detail, beginning with the fogging mechanism in terms of nucleation and growth of water drops. Anti-fogging strategies explored thus far and mainly focusing on hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces are then extensively described. Finally, based on current research in this promising field, future trends and prospects for their effective implementation are presented.
  • PublicationRestreint
    Beyond microelectronics with 1,3,5,7-tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane : a promising molecule for anti-fogging coatings
    (Elsevier Sequoia, 2019-12-04) Laroche, Gaétan; Profili, Jacopo; Rodríguez Durán, Iván; Stafford, Luc
    Over the past few years, a growing number of studies have focused on designing coatings for use in applications dealing with the fogging phenomenon such as endoscopes, automobile side view mirrors, and protective goggles. However, because of the long manufacturing times, the implementation on an industrial scale of most of the coating techniques used thus far is still a pending issue. Bearing this in mind, we report on the use of atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharges (AP-DBDs) operated in the presence of nitrous oxide (N2O) and 1,3,5,7-tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane (TMCTS), as a reliable coating strategy for the one-step fabrication of anti-fogging glass. An increase in either the [N2O]/[TMCTS] ratio or the dissipated power resulted in coatings with such hydrophilic groups on the surface as Si–OH, C–O, and OC–O; and a structure similar to that of SiO2. Because of their “water-loving” characteristics (WCA < 40°), coatings deposited under a [N2O]/[TMCTS] ratio ≥ 30 and a dissipated power ≥ 0.25 W cm−2 conferred a remarkable anti-fogging performance to glass samples when placed over water at 80 °C. After 30 s of exposure to water vapor at 50 °C (ASTM F 659-06), the coated glasses exhibited a light transmittance greater than that of the uncoated glass (90% vs. 55%). These results illustrate how by controlling the dissipated power and the [N2O]/[TMCTS] ratio in the plasma anti-fogging glass can readily be fabricated.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Atmospheric pressure cold plasma versus wet-chemical surface treatments for carboxyl functionalization of polylactic acid : a first step toward the immobilization of bioactive molecules
    (Elsevier, 2020-02-08) Laroche, Gaétan; Rodríguez Durán, Iván; Vanslambrouck, Stéphanie; Chevallier, Pascale
    The use of polylactic acid (PLA) has attracted growing interest, particularly in recent years, for biomedical applications because of its mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Despite this, features such as surface hydrophobicity and the absence of suitable functional groups for covalent immobilization of bioactive molecules, make it challenging to endow PLA-based medical devices with additional features and thus broaden their range of applicability. In the present study, we demonstrate the suitability of atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharges operating in the Townsend regime as a promising alternative to other surface treatments, such as diazonium and alkali hydrolytic treatments, for carboxyl functionalization of PLA. Chemical changes in PLA surfaces are evaluated by contact angle measurements and by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy while physical changes are investigated by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The amount of carboxyl groups generated on PLA surfaces is assessed by toluidine blue O assay and substantiated by grafting, through carboxyl groups, a fluorescent probe containing amino functionalities. All of the surface treatments have proven to be very effective in generating carboxylic groups on the PLA surface. Nevertheless, plasma treatment is shown to not degrade the PLA surface, in sharp contrast with diazonium and alkali hydrolytic treatments.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Response surface methodology as a predictive tool for the fabrication of coatings with optimal anti-fogging performance
    (Lausanne Elsevier Sequoia, 2020-12-15) Laroche, Gaétan; Profili, Jacopo; Rodríguez Durán, Iván; Stafford, Luc
    In this study, response surface methodology was applied to optimize the anti-fogging performance of coatings deposited on commercial glass samples from 1,3,5,7-tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane (TMCTS)/N2O mixtures by atmospheric pressure plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The effect of the dissipated power (DP), [N2O]/[TMCTS] ratio, and sample scroll speed on the anti-fogging performance was investigated by means of a Box-Behnken experimental design. The regression model relating transmittance of the coated glasses to these deposition parameters revealed that the anti-fogging performance strongly depends on the second-order interaction of the dissipated power and [N2O]/[TMCTS] ratio (i.e., DP × [N2O]/[TMCTS]). Contour plots showed that the dissipated power required to prepare optimal anti-fogging coatings should be of at least 0,7, 0,5 or 0,4 W cm−2, if the [N2O]/[TMCTS] ratio in the plasma is 20, 30, or 40, respectively. When placed over water at 50°C, the coated glass samples allowed 80% (or more) of 590-nm light to pass through, thus meeting the minimal anti-fogging requirement for alpine skier goggles and faceshields. Despite not having a significant impact on the anti-fogging performance, the sample scroll speed is key to fabricating coatings with the desired thickness during in-line manufacturing.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Unveiling the origin of the anti fogging of plasma-coated glass : role of the structure and chemistry of siloxane precursors
    (Elsevier Science, 2020-01-25) Laroche, Gaétan; Rodríguez Durán, Iván
    The application of (super)hydrophilic coatings in sectors of activity concerned by fogging, such as the food industry, the architectural sector, and medicine has attracted enormous attention over the past few years. However, despite this interest, most of the coating deposition techniques used thus far are not suitable for large-scale production because of their multistep nature. In this regard, the use of atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharges (AP-DBD) operated under a controlled N2/N2O atmosphere offers a promising alternative to conventional deposition techniques for the fabrication of anti-fogging coatings. Using this one-step coating approach, four siloxane precursors with different structures and different number of Si―H and Si−CH3 groups; namely, 1,3,5,7-tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane (TMCTS), octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (OMCTS), 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO), and hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) were deposited on glass samples. Because of their extreme wetting behavior (WCA < 5°), TMCTS-coated glasses featured an excellent anti-fogging performance, in contrast to OMCTS-, TMDSO-, and HMDSO-coated glasses which were not fogging-resistant (WCA ≈ 80°)). Coupled with hydrophilic functionalities, such as Csingle bondO, Odouble bond Csingle bondO, and Sisingle bondOH groups, the relatively high surface roughness of TMCTS-coated glass, compared with that of OMCTS-, TMDSO-, or HMDSO-coated glass, accounted for its superior visual characteristics when exposed to water vapor at 80 °C. These results allow us to confidently conclude that the cyclic structure of TMCTS in conjunction with the high reactivity of the Si-H bonds is responsible for the observed anti-fogging effect.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Water drop-surface interactions as the basis for the design of anti-fogging surfaces : theory, practice, and applications trends
    (Elsevier Science, 2018-11-24) Laroche, Gaétan; Rodríguez Durán, Iván
    Glass- and polymer-based materials have become essential in the fabrication of a multitude of elements, including eyeglasses, automobile windshields, bathroom mirrors, greenhouses, and food packages, which unfortunately mist up under typical operating conditions. Far from being an innocuous phenomenon, the formation of minute water drops on the surface is detrimental to their optical properties (e.g., light-transmitting capability) and, in many cases, results in esthetical, hygienic, and safety concerns. In this context, it is therefore not surprising that research in the field of fog-resistant surfaces is gaining in popularity, particularly in recent years, in view of the growing number of studies focusing on this topic. This review addresses the most relevant advances released thus far on anti-fogging surfaces, with a particular focus on coating deposition, surface micro/nanostructuring, and surface functionalization. A brief explanation of how surfaces fog up and the main issues of interest linked to fogging phenomenon, including common problems, anti-fogging strategies, and wetting states are first presented. Anti-fogging mechanisms are then discussed in terms of the morphology of water drops, continuing with a description of the main fabrication techniques toward anti-fogging property. This review concludes with the current and the future perspectives on the utility of anti-fogging surfaces for several applications and some remaining challenges in this field.