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Personne :
Ngueho Yemele, Martin Claude

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Ngueho Yemele

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Martin Claude

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Département des sciences du bois et de la forêt, Faculté de foresterie, de géographie et de géomatique, Université Laval

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ncf11855318

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Résultats de recherche

Voici les éléments 1 - 7 sur 7
  • PublicationRestreint
    Prediction of tracheid length and diameter in white spruce (Picea glauca)
    (Rijksherbarium/Hortus botanicus, 2015-05-20) Mvolo, Cyriac Serge; Defo, Maurice.; Cloutier, Alain; Koubaa, Ahmed; Ngueho Yemele, Martin Claude; Beaulieu, Jean
    The establishment of patterns of radial and longitudinal variations and the development of models to predict the wood anatomical properties, especially from juvenile wood, are of interest for both wood industry and researchers. Linear regressions were used to predict whole-tree, breast height and mature tracheid length and diameter in white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and the WBE model was used to predict the variation of tracheid diameter. Tracheid length and diameter increased from pith to bark. Tracheid length decreased, while tracheid diameter increased from apex to lower heights. Cambial age was the most important predictor of tracheid length. The final tracheid length models with either a log transformation or a third-order polynomial of cambial age explained 82% of the variation in the whole-tree tracheid length. At breast height, 83% of the variation in the whole tracheid length was explained using the juvenile value at a cambial age of 3 years. Up to 87% of the variation was explained by the model, including the average value of juvenile wood. However, mature wood tracheid length at breast height could not be predicted from juvenile wood. Distance from the apex predicted the tracheid widening in outer rings but failed to predict tracheid expansion of samples collected at fixed cambial ages. The WBE explained 86% of conduit widening in the outer rings. The sampling strategy, i.e. collecting samples longitudinally at a fixed cambial age vs. at a fixed calendar year is important in predicting tracheid diameter.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Effect of Density and Fiber Size on Porosity and Thermal Conductivity of Fiberboard Mats
    (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2018-10-19) Rebolledo-Valenzuela, Pamela; Cloutier, Alain; Ngueho Yemele, Martin Claude
    The thermal conductivity and porosity of fiberboard mats are crucial parameters for efficient energy consumption of the hot-pressing process and for final panel quality. In this work, the effect of fiber size and mat density on porosity and thermal conductivity of the mat were investigated. The fiber size was characterized as fine, medium and coarse. The mat porosity was measured by image analysis using the black and white contrast method. The thermal conductivity was determined at different density levels with a temperature gradient of 1.6 °C mm−1 and 7.6% (s = 0.3) moisture content. The results showed that fiber size was a dominant variable governing heat conduction and mat porosity. The mats made with medium size fibers showed a higher resistance to compression. The thermal conductivity of coarse fiber mats decreased drastically between 700 kg m−3 and 810 kg m−3. This was likely due to a higher fracture frequency observed for coarse fibers in comparison to the other fiber sizes studied. Hence, the fine and medium fibers conducted heat more efficiently. Moreover, fiber bundles and fractured fibers were observed during the mat porosity measurements, principally in mats made with fine fiber size.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Développement de panneaux de particules à base d'écorce d'épinette noire et de peuplier faux-tremble
    (2008) Ngueho Yemele, Martin Claude; Cloutier, Alain; Koubaa, Ahmed; Blanchet, Pierre
    Ce travail de recherche avait un double objectif. D’abord, optimiser la proportion et la granulométrie (forme, dimensions, distribution) des particules d’écorce non extraite et extraite pour la production de panneaux de particules dont les propriétés physiques et mécaniques respectent les exigences des normes en vigueur. Ensuite, mettre en évidence les effets du traitement à l’eau chaude des écorces sur le système constitué des particules d’écorce et de l’adhésif utilisé (phénol-formaldéhyde) afin de déterminer son impact sur les propriétés physiques et mécaniques des panneaux. Les écorces fraîches d’épinette noire (Picea mariana (Mill.)) et de peuplier faux-tremble (Populus tremuloides (Michx.)) provenant d’écorceuses d’usines de transformation du bois ont été collectées, traitées (extraites) à l’eau chaude ou non, séchées et broyées. Les particules obtenues ont été tamisées et séparées en quatre classes de granulométrie : une pour les couches couvrantes (0,2-1,5 mm), et trois autres (fine : 1,5-2,6 mm ; moyenne : 2,6-5,0 mm et grossière : 5,0-7,0 mm) pour les couches médianes. Ces particules d’écorce ont été utilisées seules ou mélangées à des particules de bois obtenues d’usines de panneaux pour fabriquer des panneaux de particules de masse volumique cible 800 kg/m3 et contenant 50 et 100% d’écorce. Les propriétés physiques et mécaniques des panneaux fabriqués comme le module d’élasticité (MOE), le module de rupture (MOR), la cohésion interne (CI), la dureté Janka (DJ), le gonflement en épaisseur (GE) et la dilatation linéaire (DL) ont été déterminées et comparées d’une part entre elles et d’autre part à celles de panneaux témoins constitués de 100% de particules de bois. D’après les résultats, les propriétés mécaniques des panneaux de particules diminuent avec l’augmentation de la proportion d’écorce non extraite et extraite d’épinette noire et de peuplier faux-tremble. Parallèlement, il y a une augmentation légère du GE et substantielle de la DL. L’influence de la granulométrie des particules sur les panneaux a été davantage observée au niveau de la cohésion interne. Ainsi, la cohésion interne des panneaux contenant 50% d’écorce diminue lorsque la taille des particules d’écorce augmente. Pour les autres propriétés, ce facteur est observé surtout dans le cas des panneaux à 100% d’écorce. Les panneaux de particules ayant 50% d’écorce d’épinette noire ont obtenu les valeurs les plus élevées de MOE, MOR, CI et les moins élevées de DL. Ces valeurs étaient respectivement 12, 37, 54% moins élevées et 45% plus élevées que celles des panneaux témoins. Les panneaux d’écorce de peuplier faux-tremble ont obtenu les valeurs de gonflement en épaisseur les moins élevées. Tous les panneaux comportant 50% d’écorce non extraite d’épinette noire et de peuplier faux-tremble ont respecté les exigences de la norme ANSI A208.1-1999 pour les panneaux de particules à moyenne densité à usage commercial (M-1) et de sous-plancher (PBU) en ce qui concerne le MOE, MOR, CI et DJ. Le traitement (ou l’extraction) à l’eau chaude des écorces a affecté leurs propriétés physico-chimiques en diminuant leur mouillabilité, leur acidité et la quantité de polyphénols susceptibles de réagir avec le formaldéhyde. On a observé une détérioration des propriétés physiques et mécaniques des panneaux de particules fabriqués avec les écorces extraites à l’exception de la dureté.
  • PublicationRestreint
    Effects of hot water treatment of raw bark, coupling agent, and lubricants on properties of bark/HDPE composites
    (Elsevier Science Publishers, 2012-06-13) Cloutier, Alain; Soulounganga, Patrice; Stevanovic-Janezic, Tatjana; Koubaa, Ahmed; Ngueho Yemele, Martin Claude; Wolcott, Michael P.
    Hot water treated and untreated black spruce bark (BSB) and trembling aspen bark (TAB) fibers were combined with high density polyethylene (HDPE) to produce bark thermoplastic composites by extrusion. Bark fibers of three size categories (fine, medium, and coarse) were used at contents of 50% and 60% based on oven dry weight. The effects of hot water treatment of raw bark and the addition of coupling agent (MAPE) and lubricants (OP-100, talc) on the flexural and tensile properties of bark/HDPE composites were investigated. Results showed a significant impact of hot water treatment on tensile properties of composites made with BSB and on tensile and flexural strength of composites made with TAB. The addition of coupling agent and lubricants significantly improved the flexural and tensile strength properties of bark/HDPE composites but reduced toughness and strain.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Gas permeability of fiberboard mats as a function of density and fiber size
    (Taylor & Francis, 2018-08-28) Rebolledo-Valenzuela, Pamela; Cloutier, Alain; Ngueho Yemele, Martin Claude
    Gas permeability and structure of fiberboard mats are essential properties because of their impact on mat internal gas pressure, moisture content and temperature evolution during the hot-pressing process. The objectives of this work were to determine the effect of fiber size and mat density on the intrinsic gas permeability of the mat. For the study of these mat properties, panels with a homogeneous density profile through the thickness were manufactured at five density levels (200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 kg m−3) for three different fiber sizes. Fiber refining was performed in a disk refiner at three plate spacings. Gas permeability was measured with an in-house built apparatus. The results showed that the fiber sizes studied had no significant effect on the intrinsic permeability. This was likely due to a more significant impact of the internal porous structure of the mat compared to fiber size. Besides, the intrinsic permeability decreased significantly when the panel density increased from 198 to 810 kg m−3. This suggests that the decrease of the intrinsic gas permeability during the last seconds of press closure plays an essential role in the bulk moisture mass transfer through the fiberboard mat.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Phenotypic correlations among growth and selected wood properties in white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss)
    (MDPI, 2019-07-16) Mvolo, Cyriac Serge; Defo, Maurice.; Cloutier, Alain; Koubaa, Ahmed; Ngueho Yemele, Martin Claude; Beaulieu, Jean
    We examined phenotypic relationships among radial growth-related, physical (i.e., related to wood density), and anatomical (i.e., related to tracheid dimensions) wood properties in white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), in order to determine the strength and significance of their correlations. Additionally, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to establish if all of the properties must be measured and to determine the key properties that can be used as proxies for the other variables. Radial growth-related and physical properties were measured with an X-ray densitometer, while anatomical properties were measured with a Fiber Quality Analyzer. Fifteen wood properties (tracheid length (TL) and diameter (TD), earlywood tracheid length (ETL) and diameter (ETD), latewood tracheid length (LTL) and diameter (LTD), ring width (RW), ring area (RA), earlywood width (EWW), latewood width (LWW), latewood proportion (LWP), ring density (RD), intra-ring density variation, earlywood density (EWD), and latewood density (LWD)) were assessed. Relationships were evaluated at intra-ring and inter-ring levels in the juvenile wood (JW) and mature wood (MW) zones. Except for a few cases when mature tracheid diameter (TD) was involved, all intra-ring anatomical properties were highly and significantly correlated. Radial growth properties were correlated, with stronger relationships in MW compared to JW. Physical properties were often positively and significantly correlated in both JW and MW. A higher earlywood density coupled with a lower latewood density favored wood uniformity, i.e., the homogeneity of ring density within a growth ring. Managing plantations to suppress trees growth during JW formation, and enhancing radial growth when MW formation starts will favor overall wood quality. In order, RW-EWW-RA, TL-ETL-LTL, and RD-EWD-LWP are the three clusters that appeared in the three wood zones, the whole pith-to-bark radial section, the juvenile wood zone, and the mature wood zone
  • PublicationRestreint
    Effect of bark fiber content and size on the mechanical properties of bark/HDPE composites
    (Elsevier, 2010-01-01) Cloutier, Alain; Soulounganga, Patrice; Koubaa, Ahmed; Ngueho Yemele, Martin Claude; Wolcott, Michael P.
    Black spruce and trembling aspen bark fibers and high density polyethylene were used to process bark–plastic composites by extrusion. Fibers of fine, medium, and coarse size and contents of 50% and 60% based on oven-dry weight were used. The effects of species, fiber content and size on the flexural and tensile properties of the composite were investigated and were found to be highly significant. Black spruce bark composites exhibited higher strength but showed more brittle behavior than aspen bark composites. The effect of content on mechanical properties was more important than size. Compared to wood flour composites, those from bark showed lower strength.