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Godin, Gaston

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Godin

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Gaston

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Sciences infirmières-Direction, Faculté des sciences infirmières, Université Laval

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Voici les éléments 1 - 10 sur 17
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Omega-3 fatty acids status in human subjects estimated using a food frequency questionnaire and plasma phospholipids levels
    (BioMed Central, 2012-07-09) Garneau, Véronique; Paradis, Ann-Marie; Pérusse, Louis; Rudkowska, Iwona; Godin, Gaston; Julien, Pierre; Vohl, Marie-Claude
    Background Intakes of omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids (FA) are associated with several health benefits. The aim of this study was to verify whether intakes of n-3 FA estimated from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) correlate with n-3 FA levels measured in plasma phospholipids (PL). Methods The study sample consisted of 200 French-Canadians men and women aged between 18 to 55 years. Dietary data were collected using a validated FFQ. Fasting blood samples were collected and the plasma PL FA profile was measured by gas chromatography. Results Low intakes of n-3 long-chain FA together with low percentages of n-3 long-chain FA in plasma PL were found in French-Canadian population. Daily intakes of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were similar between men and women. Yet, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and total n-3 FA intakes were significantly higher in men compared to women (ALA: 2.28 g and 1.69 g, p < 0.0001, total n-3 FA: 2.57 g and 1.99 g, p < 0.0001; respectively). In plasma PL, DPA and DHA percentages were significantly different between men and women (DPA: 1.03% and 0.88%, p < 0.0001, DHA: 3.00% and 3.43%, p = 0.0005; respectively). Moreover, DHA (men: r = 0.52, p < 0.0001; women: r = 0.57, p < 0.0001) and total n-3 FA (men: r = 0.47, p < 0.0001; women: r = 0.52, p < 0.0001) intakes were positively correlated to their respective plasma PL FA levels. In women, EPA (r = 0.44, p < 0.0001) and DPA (r = 0.23, p = 0.02) intakes were also correlated respectively with EPA and DPA plasma PL FA percentages. Conclusion Estimated n-3 long-chain FA intake among this young and well-educated French-Canadian population is lower than the recommendations. Further, FFQ data is comparable to plasma PL results to estimate DHA and total n-3 FA status in healthy individuals as well as to evaluate the EPA and DPA status in women. Overall, this FFQ could be used as a simple, low-cost tool in future studies to rank n-3 FA status of individuals.
  • PublicationRestreint
    Associations between dietary patterns and obesity phenotypes
    (Springer Nature, 2009-09-08) Paradis, Ann-Marie; Pérusse, Louis; Godin, Gaston; Vohl, Marie-Claude
    Objective: To examine whether dietary patterns are associated with obesity phenotypes. Design: Cross-sectional study. Subjects: We recruited 664 participants aged between 18 and 55 years. Dietary data were collected from a food frequency questionnaire. A factor analysis was performed to derive dietary patterns. Body mass index (BMI), weight and waist girth were recorded using standard procedures. Fat mass and fat-free mass were assessed by electrical bioimpedance. Obesity was defined as having a BMIX30 kg m2 and a positive FHO (FHO þ ) as having at least one obese first-degree relative. Results: Two dietary patterns were identified; Western and Prudent. The Western pattern was mainly characterized by a higher consumption of refined grains, French fries, red meats, condiments, processed meats and regular soft drinks whereas the Prudent pattern was mainly characterized by a higher consumption of non-hydrogenated fat, vegetables, eggs and fish and seafood. Subjects in the top tertile of the Western pattern had higher BMI, weight, waist girth, waist-to-hip ratio and fat mass than those in the lower tertile. In contrast, subjects in the top tertile of the Prudent pattern had lower BMI, weight, waist girth, fat mass, HDL-cholesterol levels, and lower triglyceride levels than those in the lowest tertile. Individuals in the upper tertile of the Western pattern were more likely to be obese (obesity was defined as having a BMIX30 kg m2) (OR ¼ 1.82, 95% CI 1.16–2.87) whereas those in the upper tertile of the Prudent pattern were less likely to be obese (OR ¼ 0.62, 95% CI 0.40–0.96). These latter significant associations were only observed among those with FHO þ . No such association was observed among FHO individuals. Conclusion: Individuals having a high score of Western pattern were more likely to be obese and those having a high score of the Prudent pattern were less likely to be obese, and this is particularly among individuals with an FHO+.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Validity of a self-reported measure of familial history of obesity
    (BioMed Central, 2008-09-10) Paradis, Ann-Marie; Pérusse, Louis; Godin, Gaston; Vohl, Marie-Claude
    Background: Familial history information could be useful in clinical practice. However, little is known about the accuracy of self-reported familial history, particularly self-reported familial history of obesity (FHO). Methods: Two cross-sectional studies were conducted. The aims of study 1 was to compare self-reported and objectively measured weight and height whereas the aims of study 2 were to examine the relationship between the weight and height estimations reported by the study participants and the values provided by their family members as well as the validity of a self-reported measure of FHO. Study 1 was conducted between 2004 and 2006 among 617 subjects and study 2 was conducted in 2006 among 78 participants. Results: In both studies, weight and height reported by the participants were significantly correlated with their measured values (study 1: r = 0.98 and 0.98; study 2: r = 0.99 and 0.97 respectively; p < 0.0001). Estimates of weight and height for family members provided by the study participants were strongly correlated with values reported by each family member (r = 0.96 and 0.95, respectively; p < 0.0001). Substantial agreement between the FHO reported by the participants and the one obtained by calculating the BMI of each family members was observed (kappa = 0.72; p < 0.0001). Sensitivity (90.5%), specificity (82.6%), positive (82.6%) and negative (90.5%) predictive values of FHO were very good. Conclusion: A self-reported measure of FHO is valid, suggesting that individuals are able to detect the presence or the absence of obesity in their first-degree family members.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Eating behaviors of non-obese individuals with and without familial history of obesity
    (Cambridge University Press, 2008-09-10) Paradis, Ann-Marie; Pérusse, Louis; Godin, Gaston; Lemieux, Simone; Vohl, Marie-Claude
    The aim of the present study was to examine whether eating behaviours and their subscales are associated with familial history of obesity (FHO) in a cohort of 326 non-obese men and women. Anthropometric measurements, eating behaviours (Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire) and dietary intakes (FFQ) have been determined in a sample of 197 women and 129 men. A positive FHO (FHO+) was defined as having at least one obese first-degree relative and a negative FHO (FHO-) as no obese first-degree relative. Men with FHO+ had higher scores of cognitive dietary restraint and flexible restraint than men with FHO-. In women, those with FHO+ had a higher score of disinhibition than women with FHO-. In both men and women, eating behaviours were not significantly associated with the number of obese family members. However, having an obese mother was associated with higher scores of cognitive dietary restraint, flexible restraint and rigid restraint in women. These findings demonstrate that eating behaviours of non-obese subjects are different according to the presence or absence of obese family members. More specifically, having an obese mother is associated with a higher dietary restraint score in women.
  • PublicationRestreint
    Self-efficacy and implementation intentions-based interventions on fruit and vegetable intake among adults : impact at 12-month follow-up
    (Sage, 2013-05-15) Guillaumie, Laurence; Godin, Gaston; Manderscheid, Jean-Claude; Spitz, Elisabeth; Muller, Laurent
    This study tested the effect of theory-based interventions designed to increase fruit and vegetable intake (FVI). Adults (n = 291) were randomized into four groups: implementation intentions (II) group; self-efficacy (SE) group; combination of implementation intentions and self-efficacy (II+SE) group; and a control group receiving written information on nutrition. They were reassessed at 1, 3, 6 and 12 month follow-up. This study found that short interventions such as SE and II+SE can achieve significant differences in FVI at six-month follow-up compared to the control group. However, this effect was not maintained at 12-month follow-up. Practitioners should add materials or follow up meetings to ensure maintenance of behavioral change.
  • PublicationRestreint
    A simple method to assess fruit and vegetable intake among obese and non-obese individuals
    (Canadian Public Health Association, 2008-11-01) Bélanger-Gravel, Ariane; Paradis, Ann-Marie; Pérusse, Louis; Godin, Gaston; Vohl, Marie-Claude
    Objectives: Fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption is generally associated with the prevention of major chronic diseases. For monitoring purposes, public health researchers require short but reliable and valid questionnaires to assess F&V consumption. The aim of the present study was to validate a brief one-page self-administered fruit and vegetable questionnaire (FV-Q) for obese and non-obese populations. Methods: The validation study was conducted from 2004 to 2006, among a sample of 350 obese and non-obese French-speaking participants. The six-item FV-Q was designed to measure F&V consumption over a seven-day period. It was validated against an interviewer-administered Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) by means of correlation analysis and computing of epidemiologic indices. The analyses were performed separately for obese and non-obese individuals in order to account for potential different reporting patterns and the absence of such validation in obese populations. All the analyses were performed during 2007. Results: For obese and non-obese participants, the Pearson correlation coefficients between the FV-Q and FFQ were, respectively, r = 0.66 (p<0.0001) and r=0.65 (p<0.0001) for the mean daily intake. Values for sensitivity and specificity were 88.5% and 63.6% for obese individuals and 80.0% and 65.6% for non-obese individuals, respectively. Positive predictive values were moderate in both groups, whereas negative predictive values were very good. Overall, results were very similar for obese and non-obese individuals. Conclusions: This brief F&V questionnaire can be used to identify people requiring nutritional counseling. Moreover, it can be used for both obese and non-obese populations.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Moderators of the intention-behaviour and perceived behavioural control-behaviour relationships for leisure-time physical activity
    (BioMed Central, 2008-02-01) Pérusse, Louis; Godin, Gaston; Amireault, Steve; Vohl, Marie-Claude
    Background Intention is a key determinant of action. However, there is a gap between intention and behavioural performance that remains to be explained. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify moderators of the intention-behaviour and perceived behavioural control (PBC)- behaviour relationships for leisure-time physical activity. Method This was tested in reference to Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behaviour. A sample of 300 volunteers, 192 women and 108 men, aged 18 to 55, participated in the study. At baseline, the participants completed a self-administrated psychosocial questionnaire assessing Ajzen's theory variables (i.e., intention and perceived behavioural control). The behavioural measure was obtained by mail three months later. Results Multiple hierarchical regression analyses indicated that age and annual income moderated the intention-behaviour and PBC-behaviour relationships. However, in the final model predicting behaviour (R2 = .46), only the interaction term of PBC by annual income (β = .24, p = 0.0003) significantly contributed to the prediction of behaviour along with intention (β = .49, p = 0.0009) and past behaviour (β = .44, p < 0.0001). Conclusion Physical activity promotion programs would benefit not only from focusing on increasing the intention of low intenders, but also from targeting factors that moderate the perceived behavioural control-behaviour relationships.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Interaction between familial history of obesity and fat intakes on obesity phenotypes
    (Karger, 2009-01-16) Paradis, Ann-Marie; Pérusse, Louis; Godin, Gaston; Vohl, Marie-Claude
    Aim: To evaluate whether familial history of obesity (FHO) interacts with dietary fat intake (DFI) on obesity-related phenotypes. Methods: We recruited 664 participants aged between 18 and 55 years. A positive FHO (FHO+) was defined as having at least 1 obese first-degree relative and a negative FHO (FHO-) as no obese first-degree relative. Dietary intakes were collected from a food-frequency questionnaire. Body mass index, weight and waist girth were recorded using standard procedures. Fat mass and fat-free mass were assessed by electrical bioimpedance. Results: Significant interaction effects (FHO x DFI) were observed for body mass index, weight, waist girth and fat mass (p interaction = 0.05, 0.04, 0.04, 0.02, respectively). Among FHO+ individuals, indices of obesity increased with an increasing amount of DFI, whereas these associations were not observed in FHO- individuals. We also found that FHO+ individuals consuming a high-fat diet were at higher risk of obesity than FHO- individuals consuming a low-fat diet (3.6, CI 2.1-6.2). Conclusion: These results suggest a stronger relationship between DFI and obesity-related phenotypes in individuals with FHO+.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    The effect of mere-measurement of cognitions on physical activity behavior : a randomized controlled trial among overweight and obese individuals
    (BioMed Central, 2011-01-11) Bélanger-Gravel, Ariane; Pérusse, Louis; Godin, Gaston; Amireault, Steve; Vohl, Marie-Claude
    Background The promotion of physical activity among an overweight/obese population is an important challenge for clinical practitioners and researchers. In this regard, completing a questionnaire on cognitions could be a simple and easy strategy to increase levels of physical activity. Thus, the aim of the present study was to test the effect of completing a questionnaire based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) on the level of physical activity. Methods Overall, 452 overweight/obese adults were recruited and randomized to the experimental or control group. At baseline, participants completed a questionnaire on cognitions regarding their participation in leisure-time physical activity (experimental condition) versus a questionnaire on fruit and vegetable consumption (control condition). The questionnaires assessed the TPB variables that are beliefs, attitude, norm, perception of control, intention and a few additional variables from other theories. At three-month follow-up, leisure-time physical activity was self-reported by means of a short questionnaire. An analysis of covariance with baseline physical activity level as covariate was used to verify the effect of the intervention. Results At follow-up, 373 participants completed the leisure-time physical activity questionnaire. The statistical analysis showed that physical activity participation was greater among participants in the experimental condition than those in the control condition (F(1,370) = 6.85, p = .009, d = 0.20). Conclusions Findings indicate that completing a TPB questionnaire has a significant positive impact on subsequent participation in physical activity. Consequently, asking individuals to complete such a questionnaire is a simple, inexpensive and easy strategy to increase the level of physical activity among overweight/obese adults.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Psychosocial determinants of intention to abstain from drinking alcohol while pregnant among a sample of women of childbearing age
    (Taylor & Francis, 2010-09-07) Vézina-Im, Lydi-Anne; Godin, Gaston
    In many countries, not drinking alcohol during pregnancy is strongly recommended, since consuming alcohol can be hazardous for the unborn child. Despite this, a number of women drink alcohol while pregnant. The two objectives of the study were to identify (1) the determinants of intention to abstain from drinking alcohol while pregnant among 167 women of childbearing age between the ages of 18 and 44, and (2) the factors that programs promoting alcohol abstinence during pregnancy should consider. Data was collected using a questionnaire based on an extended version of the theory of planned behaviour. A large majority of the participants reported consuming alcohol on a regular basis. Although most of them expressed a strong intention to abstain from alcohol during pregnancy, about one woman in four did not have a firm intention. A logistic regression analysis revealed that the four determinants of intention were moral norm (odds ratio [OR] = 12.97; 95% confidence interval [CI95%]: 3.83-43.91), anticipated regret (OR = 11.43; CI95%: 3.46-37.75), attitude (OR = 7.49; CI95%: 2.37-23.64) and perceived behavioural control (OR = 3.60; CI95% 1.11-11.65). Moreover, a discriminant analysis identified specific beliefs significantly related to intention not to consume alcohol while pregnant. These results can prove useful in guiding the development of a program promoting alcohol abstinence among women of childbearing age in order to reduce the number of unborn children exposed to alcohol during pregnancy.