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Personne :
Godin, Gaston

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Godin

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Gaston

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Sciences infirmières-Direction, Faculté des sciences infirmières, Université Laval

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Voici les éléments 1 - 6 sur 6
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Omega-3 fatty acids status in human subjects estimated using a food frequency questionnaire and plasma phospholipids levels
    (BioMed Central, 2012-07-09) Garneau, Véronique; Paradis, Ann-Marie; Pérusse, Louis; Rudkowska, Iwona; Godin, Gaston; Julien, Pierre; Vohl, Marie-Claude
    Background Intakes of omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids (FA) are associated with several health benefits. The aim of this study was to verify whether intakes of n-3 FA estimated from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) correlate with n-3 FA levels measured in plasma phospholipids (PL). Methods The study sample consisted of 200 French-Canadians men and women aged between 18 to 55 years. Dietary data were collected using a validated FFQ. Fasting blood samples were collected and the plasma PL FA profile was measured by gas chromatography. Results Low intakes of n-3 long-chain FA together with low percentages of n-3 long-chain FA in plasma PL were found in French-Canadian population. Daily intakes of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were similar between men and women. Yet, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and total n-3 FA intakes were significantly higher in men compared to women (ALA: 2.28 g and 1.69 g, p < 0.0001, total n-3 FA: 2.57 g and 1.99 g, p < 0.0001; respectively). In plasma PL, DPA and DHA percentages were significantly different between men and women (DPA: 1.03% and 0.88%, p < 0.0001, DHA: 3.00% and 3.43%, p = 0.0005; respectively). Moreover, DHA (men: r = 0.52, p < 0.0001; women: r = 0.57, p < 0.0001) and total n-3 FA (men: r = 0.47, p < 0.0001; women: r = 0.52, p < 0.0001) intakes were positively correlated to their respective plasma PL FA levels. In women, EPA (r = 0.44, p < 0.0001) and DPA (r = 0.23, p = 0.02) intakes were also correlated respectively with EPA and DPA plasma PL FA percentages. Conclusion Estimated n-3 long-chain FA intake among this young and well-educated French-Canadian population is lower than the recommendations. Further, FFQ data is comparable to plasma PL results to estimate DHA and total n-3 FA status in healthy individuals as well as to evaluate the EPA and DPA status in women. Overall, this FFQ could be used as a simple, low-cost tool in future studies to rank n-3 FA status of individuals.
  • PublicationRestreint
    Associations between dietary patterns and obesity phenotypes
    (Springer Nature, 2009-09-08) Paradis, Ann-Marie; Pérusse, Louis; Godin, Gaston; Vohl, Marie-Claude
    Objective: To examine whether dietary patterns are associated with obesity phenotypes. Design: Cross-sectional study. Subjects: We recruited 664 participants aged between 18 and 55 years. Dietary data were collected from a food frequency questionnaire. A factor analysis was performed to derive dietary patterns. Body mass index (BMI), weight and waist girth were recorded using standard procedures. Fat mass and fat-free mass were assessed by electrical bioimpedance. Obesity was defined as having a BMIX30 kg m2 and a positive FHO (FHO þ ) as having at least one obese first-degree relative. Results: Two dietary patterns were identified; Western and Prudent. The Western pattern was mainly characterized by a higher consumption of refined grains, French fries, red meats, condiments, processed meats and regular soft drinks whereas the Prudent pattern was mainly characterized by a higher consumption of non-hydrogenated fat, vegetables, eggs and fish and seafood. Subjects in the top tertile of the Western pattern had higher BMI, weight, waist girth, waist-to-hip ratio and fat mass than those in the lower tertile. In contrast, subjects in the top tertile of the Prudent pattern had lower BMI, weight, waist girth, fat mass, HDL-cholesterol levels, and lower triglyceride levels than those in the lowest tertile. Individuals in the upper tertile of the Western pattern were more likely to be obese (obesity was defined as having a BMIX30 kg m2) (OR ¼ 1.82, 95% CI 1.16–2.87) whereas those in the upper tertile of the Prudent pattern were less likely to be obese (OR ¼ 0.62, 95% CI 0.40–0.96). These latter significant associations were only observed among those with FHO þ . No such association was observed among FHO individuals. Conclusion: Individuals having a high score of Western pattern were more likely to be obese and those having a high score of the Prudent pattern were less likely to be obese, and this is particularly among individuals with an FHO+.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Validity of a self-reported measure of familial history of obesity
    (BioMed Central, 2008-09-10) Paradis, Ann-Marie; Pérusse, Louis; Godin, Gaston; Vohl, Marie-Claude
    Background: Familial history information could be useful in clinical practice. However, little is known about the accuracy of self-reported familial history, particularly self-reported familial history of obesity (FHO). Methods: Two cross-sectional studies were conducted. The aims of study 1 was to compare self-reported and objectively measured weight and height whereas the aims of study 2 were to examine the relationship between the weight and height estimations reported by the study participants and the values provided by their family members as well as the validity of a self-reported measure of FHO. Study 1 was conducted between 2004 and 2006 among 617 subjects and study 2 was conducted in 2006 among 78 participants. Results: In both studies, weight and height reported by the participants were significantly correlated with their measured values (study 1: r = 0.98 and 0.98; study 2: r = 0.99 and 0.97 respectively; p < 0.0001). Estimates of weight and height for family members provided by the study participants were strongly correlated with values reported by each family member (r = 0.96 and 0.95, respectively; p < 0.0001). Substantial agreement between the FHO reported by the participants and the one obtained by calculating the BMI of each family members was observed (kappa = 0.72; p < 0.0001). Sensitivity (90.5%), specificity (82.6%), positive (82.6%) and negative (90.5%) predictive values of FHO were very good. Conclusion: A self-reported measure of FHO is valid, suggesting that individuals are able to detect the presence or the absence of obesity in their first-degree family members.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Eating behaviors of non-obese individuals with and without familial history of obesity
    (Cambridge University Press, 2008-09-10) Paradis, Ann-Marie; Pérusse, Louis; Godin, Gaston; Lemieux, Simone; Vohl, Marie-Claude
    The aim of the present study was to examine whether eating behaviours and their subscales are associated with familial history of obesity (FHO) in a cohort of 326 non-obese men and women. Anthropometric measurements, eating behaviours (Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire) and dietary intakes (FFQ) have been determined in a sample of 197 women and 129 men. A positive FHO (FHO+) was defined as having at least one obese first-degree relative and a negative FHO (FHO-) as no obese first-degree relative. Men with FHO+ had higher scores of cognitive dietary restraint and flexible restraint than men with FHO-. In women, those with FHO+ had a higher score of disinhibition than women with FHO-. In both men and women, eating behaviours were not significantly associated with the number of obese family members. However, having an obese mother was associated with higher scores of cognitive dietary restraint, flexible restraint and rigid restraint in women. These findings demonstrate that eating behaviours of non-obese subjects are different according to the presence or absence of obese family members. More specifically, having an obese mother is associated with a higher dietary restraint score in women.
  • PublicationRestreint
    A simple method to assess fruit and vegetable intake among obese and non-obese individuals
    (Canadian Public Health Association, 2008-11-01) Bélanger-Gravel, Ariane; Paradis, Ann-Marie; Pérusse, Louis; Godin, Gaston; Vohl, Marie-Claude
    Objectives: Fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption is generally associated with the prevention of major chronic diseases. For monitoring purposes, public health researchers require short but reliable and valid questionnaires to assess F&V consumption. The aim of the present study was to validate a brief one-page self-administered fruit and vegetable questionnaire (FV-Q) for obese and non-obese populations. Methods: The validation study was conducted from 2004 to 2006, among a sample of 350 obese and non-obese French-speaking participants. The six-item FV-Q was designed to measure F&V consumption over a seven-day period. It was validated against an interviewer-administered Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) by means of correlation analysis and computing of epidemiologic indices. The analyses were performed separately for obese and non-obese individuals in order to account for potential different reporting patterns and the absence of such validation in obese populations. All the analyses were performed during 2007. Results: For obese and non-obese participants, the Pearson correlation coefficients between the FV-Q and FFQ were, respectively, r = 0.66 (p<0.0001) and r=0.65 (p<0.0001) for the mean daily intake. Values for sensitivity and specificity were 88.5% and 63.6% for obese individuals and 80.0% and 65.6% for non-obese individuals, respectively. Positive predictive values were moderate in both groups, whereas negative predictive values were very good. Overall, results were very similar for obese and non-obese individuals. Conclusions: This brief F&V questionnaire can be used to identify people requiring nutritional counseling. Moreover, it can be used for both obese and non-obese populations.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Interaction between familial history of obesity and fat intakes on obesity phenotypes
    (Karger, 2009-01-16) Paradis, Ann-Marie; Pérusse, Louis; Godin, Gaston; Vohl, Marie-Claude
    Aim: To evaluate whether familial history of obesity (FHO) interacts with dietary fat intake (DFI) on obesity-related phenotypes. Methods: We recruited 664 participants aged between 18 and 55 years. A positive FHO (FHO+) was defined as having at least 1 obese first-degree relative and a negative FHO (FHO-) as no obese first-degree relative. Dietary intakes were collected from a food-frequency questionnaire. Body mass index, weight and waist girth were recorded using standard procedures. Fat mass and fat-free mass were assessed by electrical bioimpedance. Results: Significant interaction effects (FHO x DFI) were observed for body mass index, weight, waist girth and fat mass (p interaction = 0.05, 0.04, 0.04, 0.02, respectively). Among FHO+ individuals, indices of obesity increased with an increasing amount of DFI, whereas these associations were not observed in FHO- individuals. We also found that FHO+ individuals consuming a high-fat diet were at higher risk of obesity than FHO- individuals consuming a low-fat diet (3.6, CI 2.1-6.2). Conclusion: These results suggest a stronger relationship between DFI and obesity-related phenotypes in individuals with FHO+.