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Bédard, François

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Bédard

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François

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Université Laval. Faculté de pharmacie

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Voici les éléments 1 - 10 sur 13
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Bacteriocins as a new generation of antimicrobials : toxicity aspects and regulations
    (Elsevier, 2020-09-02) Ben Said, Laila; Biron, Éric; Soltani, Samira; Gaudreau, Hélène; Fliss, Ismaïl; Bédard, François; Hammami, Riadh
    In recent decades, bacteriocins have received substantial attention as antimicrobial compounds. Although bacteriocins have been predominantly exploited as food preservatives, they are now receiving increased attention as potential clinical antimicrobials and as possible immune-modulating agents. Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria have been declared as a global threat to public health. Bacteriocins represent a potential solution to this worldwide threat due to their broad- or narrow-spectrum activity against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Notably, despite their role in food safety as natural alternatives to chemical preservatives, nisin remains the only bacteriocin legally approved by regulatory agencies as a food preservative. Moreover, insufficient data on the safety and toxicity of bacteriocins represent a barrier against the more widespread use of bacteriocins by the food and medical industry. Here, we focus on the most recent trends relating to the application of bacteriocins, their toxicity and impacts.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Recent progress in the chemical synthesis of class II and s-glycosylated bacteriocins
    (Frontiers Research Foundation, 2018-05-23) Biron, Éric; Bédard, François
    A wide variety of antimicrobial peptides produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been identified and studied in the last decades. Known as bacteriocins, these ribosomally synthesized peptides inhibit the growth of a wide range of bacterial species through numerous mechanisms and show a great variety of spectrum of activity. With their great potential as antimicrobial additives and alternatives to traditional antibiotics in food preservation and handling, animal production and in veterinary and medical medicine, the demand for bacteriocins is rapidly increasing. Bacteriocins are most often produced by fermentation but, in several cases, the low isolated yields and difficulties associated with their purification seriously limit their use on a large scale. Chemical synthesis has been proposed for their production and recent advances in peptide synthesis methodologies have allowed the preparation of several bacteriocins. Moreover, the significant cost reduction for peptide synthesis reagents and building blocks has made chemical synthesis of bacteriocins more attractive and competitive. From a protein engineering point of view, the chemical approach offers many advantages such as the possibility to rapidly perform amino acid substitution, use unnatural or modified residues, and make backbone and side chain modifications to improve potency, modify the activity spectrum or increase the stability of the targeted bacteriocin. This review summarized synthetic approaches that have been developed and used in recent years to allow the preparation of class IIa bacteriocins and S-linked glycopeptides from LAB. Synthetic strategies such as the use of pseudoprolines, backbone protecting groups, microwave irradiations, selective disulfide bridge formation and chemical ligations to prepare class II and S-glycosylsated bacteriocins are discussed.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Synthesis, antimicrobial activity and conformational analysis of the class IIa bacteriocin pediocin PA-1 and analogs thereof
    (Springer Nature, 2018-06-13) Biron, Éric; Fliss, Ismaïl; Bédard, François; Rebuffat, Sylvie; Menétrey, Séverine; Hammami, Riadh
    The antimicrobial peptide pediocin PA-1 is a class IIa bacteriocin that inhibits several clinically relevant pathogens including Listeria spp. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of whole pediocin PA-1 and novel analogs thereof using a combination of solid- and solution-phase strategies to overcome difficulties due to instability and undesired reactions. Pediocin PA-1 thus synthesized was a potent inhibitor of Listeria monocytogenes (MIC = 6.8 nM), similar to the bacteriocin produced naturally by Pediococcus acidilactici. Of particular interest is that linear analogs lacking both of the disulfide bridges characterizing pediocin PA-1 were as potent. One linear analog was also a strong inhibitor of Clostridium perfringens, another important food-borne pathogen. These results are discussed in light of conformational information derived from circular dichroism, solution NMR spectroscopy and structure-activity relationship studies.
  • PublicationRestreint
    Synthetic Strategies for Macrocyclic Peptides
    (John Wiley & Sons, 2017-08-18) Biron, Éric; Vézina-Dawod, Simon; Bédard, François
    Peptide macrocycles form an outstanding class of natural and synthetic bioactive compounds. This chapter discusses synthetic strategies for the final ring‐closing reaction by the widely employed and versatile processes of lactamization, lactonization, and disulfide bridge formation. According to the nature of the chemical bond found in the backbone, cyclic peptides can be classified in two major categories: homodetic peptides and heterodetic peptides. In principle, all methods suitable for peptide bond formation can be applied for head‐to‐tail macrocyclization of linear peptides; however the reaction usually proceeds more slowly than the corresponding bimolecular version. During synthesis design, the C‐terminal amino acid of the linear precursor and the coupling reagent should be carefully chosen to minimize epimerization at the C‐terminal residue during cyclization. In many cases, the solution‐phase strategy is the best choice for performing the macrocyclization step, especially when larger quantities of cyclic peptide are required.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Design, synthèse et étude-structure activité des bactériocines synthétiques pour l'utilisation dans les secteurs alimentaire, vétérinaire et médical
    (2018) Bédard, François; Biron, Éric; Fliss, Ismaïl
    La résistance aux antibiotiques est devenue un problème majeur dans la prévention et le traitement des infections bactériennes. Comme elles démontrent des activités inhibitrices in vitro contre un grand nombre de bactéries pathogènes cliniquement importantes, les bactériocines sont de plus en plus considérées comme une alternative potentielle aux antibiotiques conventionnels. Malgré cet énorme potentiel, leur utilisation est grandement limitée par les coûts élevés associés à leur production par fermentation. La synthèse chimique de ces dernières a été envisagée, mais aucune approche n’a donné jusqu’à maintenant un rendement qui puisse faire diminuer significativement les coûts de production. Dans le but de développer une voie de synthèse efficace pour ces peptides antibactériens, nous avons utilisé comme modèle la pédiocine PA-1, une bactériocine de classe IIa avec une activité anti-Listeria. L’optimisation de l’approche synthétique nous a permis d’augmenter les rendements de 1% à 45% et de concevoir des analogues avec des propriétés pharmacologiques améliorées comme une plus grande résistance à l’oxydation et à la lyse enzymatique. Cette importante réalisation nous a non seulement permis de produire la bactériocine en grande quantité, mais aussi déterminer sa structure tridimensionnelle et d’évaluer son impact sur le microbiote au niveau du tractus gastro-intestinal humain. L’approche développée s’est également avérée efficace pour la production d’autres bactériocines de la classe II comme la bactofencine A et permet de cibler davantage de pathogènes qu’on retrouve dans les différents secteurs alimentaire, vétérinaire et médical. En plus de décrire la synthèse et les études structure-activité de la bactofencine A, cet ouvrage présente les stratégies utilisées pour produire et déterminer la structure de la pédiocine PA-1 ainsi que les études sur son activité antimicrobienne et ses effets sur le microbiote dans le tractus gastro-intestinal.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Design, synthèse et étude structure-activité d’analogues synthétiques du peptide antimicrobien Microcine J25
    (2015) Bédard, François; Biron, Éric
    L’augmentation et la propagation alarmante de la résistance aux antibiotiques chez les bactéries pathogènes sont devenues un problème important de santé publique. Pour surmonter cette situation inquiétante, il y a un besoin croissant de nouveaux agents antimicrobiens avec des modes d’action innovants. La grande majorité des espèces bactériennes utilisent des peptides pour se défendre et se protéger contre d’autres microorganismes dans leur environnement. Ces peptides antimicrobiens possèdent des spectres d’activité et modes d’action très variés et représentent une source très intéressante pour découvrir et développer des agents antibactériens efficaces. L’objectif du projet consistait à faire le design et la synthèse d’analogues du peptide antimicrobien microcine J25 pour effectuer des études structure-activité et mieux comprendre les modes d’action. Comme la microcine J25 possède une structure particulière en lasso et extrêmement difficile à reproduire de façon synthétique, la stratégie était de faire le design par approche computationnelle d’analogues capables de mimer la structure de la microcine J25 sans passer par le lasso. Après leur synthèse, ces analogues ont été utilisés dans une étude structure-activité pour mieux comprendre l’impact de la structure sur le mode d’action et identifier les parties de la microcine J25 qui sont impliquées dans le transport et les interactions avec les cibles bactériennes.
  • PublicationRestreint
    A convenient approach to prepare topologically segregated bilayer beads for one-bead two-compound combinatorial peptide libraries
    (Springer, 2012-07-18) Girard, Anick; Biron, Éric; Bédard, François
    One-bead one-compound (OBOC) combinatorial peptide libraries have been used to identify ligands and modulators for a wide variety of biological targets. While being very efficient with linear peptides, OBOC libraries with N-terminally blocked peptides or with unsequenceable building blocks require encoding. To fully exploit OBOC combinatorial methods with cyclic peptides and peptidomimetics, topologically segregated bilayer beads have been developed. This strategy offers the opportunity to synthesize two compounds per bead, i.e. with one compound exposed on the bead surface for screening, and the other one found within the inner layer as a tag for sequencing and compound identification. Bead segregation often involves the use of unstable derivatives or requires a series of protection–deprotection steps. In order to expedite and optimize bead segregation, the performance of various reagents has been studied. The results obtained herein show that bead segregation can be efficiently performed with commercially available reagents. Finally, in order to control outer/inner layer ratios in segregated beads, the effects of different parameters have been evaluated. We report a straightforward and efficient procedure to prepare topologically segregated bilayer beads in a wide range of controllable, predictable, and reproducible outer versus inner ratios.
  • PublicationRestreint
    Lasso-inspired peptides with distinct antibacterial mechanisms
    (Springer-Verlag Wien, 2014-12-04) Biron, Éric; Gomaa, Ahmed; Fliss, Ismaïl; Bédard, François; Subirade, Muriel; Hammami, Riadh
    Abstract Microcin J25 (MccJ25) is an antibacterial peptide with a peculiar molecular structure consisting of 21 amino acids and a unique lasso topology that makes it highly stable. We synthesized various MccJ25-derived peptides that retained some of the inhibitory activity of the native molecule against Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli. Of the tested peptides, C1, 7-21C and WK_7-21 were the most inhibitory peptides (MIC = 1–250 µM), but all three were less potent than MccJ25. While MccJ25 was not active against Gram-positive bacteria, the three derived peptides were slightly inhibitory to Gram-positive bacteria (MIC = 250 µM). At 5 µM, C1, 7-21C and WK_7-21 reduced E. coli RNA polymerase activity by respectively, 23.4, 37.4 and 65.0 %. The MccJ25 and its derived peptides all appeared to affect the respiratory apparatus of S. enterica. Based on circular dichroism and FTIR spectroscopy, the peptides also interact with bacterial membrane phospholipids. These results suggest the possibility of producing potent MccJ25-derived peptides lacking the lasso structure. Keywords Antimicrobial peptides · Microcin J25 · Solid phase peptide synthesis · Antibacterial activity · Mode of action
  • PublicationRestreint
    Collagencin, an antibacterial peptide from fish collagen : activity, structure and interaction dynamics with membrane
    (Elsevier, 2016-03-30) Biron, Éric; Gomaa, Ahmed; Fliss, Ismaïl; Beaulieu, Lucie; Bédard, François; Subirade, Muriel; Ennaas, Nadia; Hammami, Riadh
    In this study, we first report characterization of collagencin, an antimicrobial peptide identified from fish collagen hydrolysate. The peptide completely inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus at 1.88 mM. Although non-toxic up to 470 μM, collagencin was hemolytic at higher concentrations. The secondary structure of collagencin was mainly composed by β-sheet and β-turn as determined by CD measurements and molecular dynamics. The peptide is likely to form β-sheet structure under hydrophobic environments and interacts with both anionic (phosphatidylglycerol) and zwitterionic (phosphoethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine) lipids as shown with CD spectroscopy and molecular dynamics. The peptide formed several hydrogen bonds with both POPG and POPE lipids and remained at membrane–water interface, suggesting that collagencin antibacterial action follows a carpet mechanism. Collagenous fish wastes could be processed by enzymatic hydrolysis and transformed into products of high value having functional or biological properties. Marine collagens are a promising source of antimicrobial peptides with new implications in food safety and human health.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    One-pot photochemical ring-opening/cleavage approach for the synthesis and decoding of cyclic peptide libraries
    (American Chemical Society, 2016-02-25) Biron, Éric; Porte, Karine; Vézina-Dawod, Simon; Bédard, François; Liang, Xinxia
    A novel dual ring-opening/cleavage strategy to determine the sequence of cyclic peptides from one bead, one compound libraries is described. The approach uses a photolabile residue within the macrocycle and as a linker to allow a simultaneous ring opening and cleavage from the beads upon UV irradiation and provide linearized molecules. Cyclic peptides of five to nine residues were synthesized and the generated linear peptides successfully sequenced by tandem mass spectrometry.