Personne : Gagné, Marie-Hélène
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Gagné
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Marie-Hélène
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Université Laval. École de psychologie
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ncf10369650
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- PublicationAccès librePerception de la fréquence et des causes de la violence dans les relations amoureuses des adolescent(e)s(1993) Gagné, Marie-Hélène; Lavoie, FrancineCet ouvrage traite du phénomène de violence physique, affective et sexuelle qui prend place dans les relations amoureuses des adolescentes. Plus précisément, le premier chapitre fournit de l’information quantitative sur l’incidence ainsi que sur les différences liées au genre relatives à chaque type de violence. De façon générale, il apparaît que la violence est présente à tous les niveaux dans les couples de jeunes, avec une prédominance de la violence affective. De plus, peu de différences garçon/filles ont mises en évidence et celles qui ressortent doivent être interprétées de façon nuancée. Outre le genre, d’autres facteurs sont mis en relation avec la violence, soit les attitudes envers les rôles sexuels, le besoin de contrôle et la consommation d’alcool et de drogue. Il se trouve que seule la consommation d’alcool est reliée significativement à la violence affective exercée par l’individu. Il ne s’agit toutefois pas d’un lien de cause à effet, l’alcool étant plutôt considéré ici comme un facteur précipitant la violence. Quant au second chapitre, il explore les causes que les adolescentes attribuent à la violence qui s’installe dans les couples de leur âge, tout en adoptant le point de vue subjectif des jeunes répondant(e)s. Les résultats montrent que la jalousie est la cause la plus fréquemment citée pour la violence physique et psychologique. Aussi, certaines différences liées au genre de l’agresseur(e) sont mises en lumière. Elles suggèrent que la violence féminine est davantage considérée comme une réaction à un événement extérieur alors que la violence masculine est attribuée soit à des causes qui déresponsabilisent l’agresseur, soit à la volonté de dominer et d’intimider sa partenaire.
- PublicationRestreintVictimization during childhood and revictimization in dating relationships in adolescent girls(Pergamon, 2005-10-19) Lavoie, Francine; Gagné, Marie-Hélène; Hébert, MartineObjective: Various experiences with violence during childhood and adolescence (parental violence, exposure to marital violence, sexual abuse within and outside the family, sexual harassment at school, community violence, involvement with violent or victimized peers, and previous dating violence) are examined as potential risk factors for psychological, physical, and sexual revictimization in adolescent girls’ dating relationships. Method: A group of 917 teenage girls (mean age = 16.3) were recruited in 5 high schools located in low to middle socioeconomic areas. Participants were in the 10th and 11th grades, and each completed a self-administered questionnaire. Analyses were performed on the 622 participants who reported having at least one dating partner in the last 12 months. Results: Prevalence rates for past victimization experiences varied from 13% to 43%. Regarding last-year dating victimization, prevalence rates varied from 25% to 37%, depending on the type of violence sustained. Results suggest that extrafamilial experiences with violence are stronger risk factors for recent dating victimization than intrafamilial experiences, especially being sexually harassed by male peers at school and being involved with violent or victimized peers during the year preceding the survey. However, it is important to differentiate between girls who are repeatedly victims of violence in a single, long-term relationship (repeat dating victimization), and girls who are revictimized by different partners (dating revictimization), the former sustaining more frequent physical and psychological violence than the latter. Conclusions:: Findings underline the importance of early prevention of adolescent dating iolence. Prevention programs should especially address extrafamilial experiences with violence as important risk factors for victimization in dating relationships, and teach girls strategies to break up abusive relationships.
- PublicationAccès libreLa diversidad de trayectorias de recomposicion familiar(Universidad Complutense, 2009) Parent, Claudine; Godbout, Elisabeth; Drapeau, Sylvie; Gagné, Marie-Hélène; Saint-Jacques, Marie-Christine; Gherghel, Ana; Robitaille, CarolineEste artículo trata de exponer la diversidad de la experiencia en las familias recompuestas y las trayectorias que llevan a la recomposición, a través de una aproximación teórica y otra práctica. En primer lugar, la revisión bibliográfica permite ilustrar la diversidad de estructuras posibles de familias recompuestas, en cuanto al ejercicio de los roles, del funcionamiento familiar y de sus procesos de desarrollo. A continuación, se presentan los resultados de un estudio cualitativo efectuado entre 58 padres y padrastros, que viven o han vivido en situación de recomposición familiar. El objetivo es documentar la manera en la que la recomposición se inscribe en la trayectoria de vida de las personas que recomponen una familia. Se diferencian 5 trayectorias fundadas en 3 criterios de clasificación. Los resultados muestran una importante variación en la naturaleza y el encadenamiento de los episodios que componen cada una de esas trayectorias y manifiestan que algunas de ellas son más características de los miembros de más edad, reflejando así los cambios acontecidos en los últimos decenios en las formaciones conyugales y parentales. Algunas trayectorias son más típicas de las personas que juegan el rol de padres, y otras de las que desempeñan el de padrastros.
- PublicationRestreintParental psychological violence and adolescent behavioral adjustment : the role of coping and social support(Sage, 2012-07-24) Melançon, Claudiane; Gagné, Marie-HélèneThe role of coping strategies (approach and avoidance) as a mediating factor between parental psychological violence and adolescent behavior problems, both internalized and externalized, as well as the protective role of social support were examined separately for boys and girls. A group of 278 adolescents (mean age: 14.2) were recruited in three high schools located in low, moderate, and high socioeconomic areas. Participants were in the seventh, eighth, and ninth grades, and each completed a self-administered questionnaire. The use of avoidant coping strategies partially mediated the link between parental psychological violence and behavior problems among girls. The use of approach coping strategies partially mediated the link between parental psychological violence and behavior problems among boys. In all cases, coping enhanced this link. No protective role of social support was found. On the contrary, this variable was found to increase the relationship between parental psychological violence and externalized behavior problems among boys. These findings suggest that interventions aimed at strengthening coping skills and social support in adolescents may not be effective in alleviating various behavioral symptoms associated with parental psychological violence. They highlight the importance of prevention of psychologically violent parental practices, instead of only reacting to the problem after it has occurred.
- PublicationRestreintLinks between parental psychological violence, other family disturbances, and children's adjustment.(Family Process, 2007-11-11) Melançon, Claudiane; Drapeau, Sylvie; Gagné, Marie-Hélène; Lépine, Rachel; Saint-Jacques, Marie-ChristineIn a sample of 143 parent-child dyads from two-parent and separated families, this investigation documented the links between parental psychological violence and separation or divorce, severity of parental conflict, triangulation of the child in this conflict, and polarized parent-child alliances. The unique and combined contributions of all these variables to children's behavior problems were also assessed. Participants were parents, mostly mothers, and their 10–12-year-old child. They were recruited through schools, community organizations, and newspapers. Questionnaires were administered at home. Findings suggest that separated families undergo more relational disturbances than two-parent families (more severe conflicts, more triangulation, stronger parent-child alliances), but the amount of parental psychological violence was similar in both groups. Psychological violence was associated with the severity of parental conflict, especially in two-parent families. Triangulation of the child in parental conflict was another correlate of psychological violence. Once all variables were controlled for, psychological violence remained the only significant correlate of children's externalized behavior problems. These findings raise the importance of preventing psychological violence toward children, especially in families plagued with severe parental conflicts.
- PublicationRestreintPredictors of adult attitudes toward corporal punishment of children(Sage, 2007-10-01) Gagné, Marie-Hélène; Tourigny, Marc; Pouliot-Lapointe, Joëlle; Joly, JacquesThis study identifies predictors of favorable attitudes toward spanking. Analyses were performed with survey data collected from a representative sample of 1,000 adults from Quebec, Canada. According to this survey, a majority of respondents endorsed spanking, despite their recognition of potential harm associated with corporal punishment (CP) of children. The prediction model of attitudes toward spanking included demographics, experiencing or witnessing various forms of family violence and abuse in childhood, and perceived frequency of physical injuries resulting from CP. Spanking was the most reported childhood experience (66.4%), and most violence and abuse predictors were significantly and positively correlated. Older respondents who were spanked in childhood and who believed that spanking never or seldom results in physical injuries were the most in favor of spanking. On the other hand, respondents who reported more severe physical violence or psychological abuse in childhood were less in favor of spanking. Findings are discussed in terms of prevention of CP and family coercion cycle.
- PublicationRestreintL’aliénation parentale : un bilan des connaissances et des controverses(Canadian Psychological Association, 2005-05-02) Drapeau, Sylvie; Gagné, Marie-Hélène; Hénault, RosalieLe phénomène d'aliénation parentale, parfois qualifié de «syndrome», désigne généralement les situations où un enfant en vient à rejeter l'un de ses parents, autrefois aimé, sous l'influence de son autre parent. De tels cas s'observeraient typiquement en contexte de séparation conjugale, surtout lorsque les ex-conjoints entretiennent des conflits importants. Ce phénomène a suscité de multiples controverses entre les experts des domaines judiciaire, social et de la santé mentale. Étant donné la confusion conceptuelle qui entoure l'aliénation parentale et l'absence d'outils fiables et valides pour en évaluer la présence, très peu d'études empiriques ont été menées dans ce domaine et les connaissances actuelles demeurent parcellaires. Par exemple, il est difficile d'estimer l'ampleur du phénomène et d'avoir une idée juste sur son étiologie. Cet article propose un survol des principales controverses qui entourent le phénomène d'aliénation parentale et dresse un bilan de ce qu'on en connaît. Il conclut qu'une lecture plus écologique du problème devrait guider le développement de la recherche et des pratiques dans ce domaine.
- PublicationRestreintFamily dynamics associated with the use of psychologically violent parental practices(Kluwer, 2004-04-19) Gagné, Marie-Hélène; Bouchard, CamilThe purpose of this study is to explore the family dynamics that are associated with parental psychological violence. A qualitative theorizing analysis has been performed upon the content of 26 interviews with parents and practitioners, in order to: (1) develop a typology of family dynamics conducive to psychologically violent parental practices, and (2) provide some support to this typology by confronting it with other data and real life cases. The results suggest four types of families in which psychological violence is likely to occur, characterized respectively by a scapegoat child, a domineering and intolerant father, a rigid and manipulative mother, and a chaotic and incompetent parent. Participants' explanations of the occurrence of psychological violence in a given family support the proposed typology: a different explanatory profile is associated with each type of psychologically violent family. Furthermore, the typology has been submitted to practitioners working in the fields of child protection and community family support, who applied the typology to real files in their caseloads in order to assess its usefulness in clinical settings. This procedure supported the relevance of the proposed typology for practice.
- PublicationRestreintÉlaboration de l’Inventaire des conduites parentales psychologiquement violentes (ICPPV)(University of Toronto Press, 2003-09-01) Lavoie, Francine; Gagné, Marie-Hélène; Fortin, AndréeCette étude a pour objet l’élaboration d’un instrument de mesure de la violence psychologique faite aux enfants en milieu familial, problématique pour laquelle il existe peu d’instruments fiables, valides et surtout exhaustifs sur le plan conceptuel. La plupart des instruments existants sont conçus pour être utilisés de manière rétrospective, alors que d’autres s’adressent aux parents. L’instrument en développement, soit l’Inventaire des conduites parentales psychologiquement violentes (ICPPV), s’adresse aux jeunes de 10 à 17 ans et prend la forme d’un questionnaire autoadministré. Sa version initiale de 43 items a été testée auprès d’un échantillon de convenance composé de 306 filles et garçons recruté(es) dans des classes de 5e et 6e années du primaire et de 1re, 2e et 3e secondaires (âge moyen : 12,6 ans). Une analyse factorielle a permis de dégager deux facteurs nommés Dureté excessive (22 items) et Désorganisation parentale (10 items). Le score global de 32 items, ainsi que les deux échelles, ont montré une bonne validité de construit, de même qu’une cohérence interne satisfaisante. L’ICPPV apparaît comme un instrument prometteur qui pourrait trouver des applications tant pratiques que scientifiques, dans le domaine de la prévention et du dépistage de la violence psychologique, par exemple.
- PublicationAccès libreLa diversité des trajectoires de recomposition familiale : une perspective québécoise(Caisse nationale des allocations familiales, 2009-06-06) Parent, Claudine; Godbout, Elisabeth; Drapeau, Sylvie; Gagné, Marie-Hélène; Saint-Jacques, Marie-Christine; Gherghel, Ana; Robitaille, CarolineLife-trajectories diversity in the implementation of stepfamilies. A Quebec outlook. The article outlines the results of a qualitative study using the life-cycle theory with the intention of indicating the diversity of trajectories in the formation of stepfamilies Three criteria were applied to develop a classification of trajectories of the individuals questioned : the respondent’s status in the family, the number of partnerships and the parental position in relation to other experienced family episodes. Five trajectories were highlighted : parents meeting other parents ; becoming a parent within a stepfamily ; individuals briefly passing through a stepfamily, serial family trajectories and finally persons starting their life in a stepfamily. The results indicated extensive variation in type and sequencing of episodes forming each of these trajectories and emphasise that some of them are more characteristic of specific types of respondents. The article also strives to illustrate how trajectory implementation influences or is influenced by the manner in which partner and family roles are fulfilled and by the type of relations bringing together various members of the stepfamily.