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Locat, Ariane

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Locat

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Ariane

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Université Laval. Département de génie civil et de génie des eaux

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ncf11855051

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Voici les éléments 1 - 10 sur 11
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Geophysical and geotechnical characterization of a sensitive clay deposit in Brownsburg, Québec
    (Springer, 2017-05-24) Bélanger, Karine; Locat, Ariane; Fortier, Richard; Demers, Denis
    The results of a geophysical and geotechnical investigation in a sensitive clay deposit affected by numerous landslide scars in Vases Creek Valley near Brownsburg, Quebec, Canada are presented herein. The main objective of this investigation was to assess the suitability of electrical resistivity measurements in marine clay deposits for mapping out areas prone to flowslides. In addition to a 1.6 km-long electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) carried out perpendicular to the axis of the Vases Creek Valley, six piezocone penetration tests and five boreholes with sampling were also performed along the geophysical survey line. Moreover, standard geotechnical parameters and pore water salinity, as well as electrical resistivity of undisturbed clay samples were measured in the laboratory. According to the correlations found between the remoulded shear strength, the pore water salinity and the electrical resistivity, clay samples with salinity below 6.2 g/l are characterized by remoulded shear strength below 1 kPa and electrical resistivity above 2.8 and 10 m measured respectively in the field and in the laboratory. In such conditions, sensitive clay deposits can be prone to flowslides if all other criteria are also met. Based on this resistivity limit value, only one small area of nonsensitive clay was identified in the interpretative stratigraphic cross-section assessed from the field investigation. Otherwise, the deposit is entirely composed of sensitive clay. The ERT is a promising geophysical tool for the delineation of areas prone to large landslides in eastern Canada
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Field performance of four vibrating-wire piezometer installation methods
    (National Research Council of Canada, 2022-01-12) Young, Nathan Lee; Locat, Pascal; Locat, Ariane; Lemieux, Jean-Michel; Locat, Jacques; Mony, Laura; Leroueil, Serge; Demers, Denis; Germain, Alexandra
    Vibrating wire piezometers provide a number of advantages over the traditional hydraulic piezometer design. There are many methods and configurations for installing vibrating-wire piezometers, with the most common being: single piezometers in sand packs (SP), multilevel piezometers in sand packs (MLSP), and fully-grouted multilevel piezometers using either bentonite (FGB) or cement-bentonite grout (FGCB). This study assesses the performance of these four different installation methods for vibrating wire piezometers at a field site possessing complex stratigraphy, including glacial and marine sediments. Pore pressure data recorded between December 2017 and July 2019 were analyzed to accomplish this objective. Data indicate that SP, MLSP, and FGB piezometers performed well. This determination is based on the fact that piezometers installed at the same depth with these arrangements recorded similar pressure variations that were coherent with the hydrogeological setting. Of the two fully-grouted installations using cement-bentonite grout, one installation failed completely due to a hydraulic short circuit, caused either by shrinkage of the grout or flow occurring along the wires of the embedded instruments. While the FGB-type piezometers used in this study worked correctly, the lack of standard methods concerning both the construction of fully-grouted piezometers is concerning. Furthermore, the lack of a standard method for mixing cement-bentonite grout likely contributed to the failure of the FGCB installations. Thus, due to the lack of guidance for both construction and grout preparation, the use of a bentonite grout removes a degree of uncertainty when fully-grouted installation techniques are used.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    The Saint-Jude landslide of May 10th, 2010, Quebec, Canada : investigation and characterisation of the landslide and its failure mechanism
    (Ottawa National Research Council of Canada, 2017-09-26) Locat, Pascal; Locat, Ariane; Robitaille, Denis; Leroueil, Serge; Demers, Denis; Lefebvre, Guy
    A landslide occurred on May 10, 2010, along the Salvail River, in the municipality of Saint- Jude, Quebec. Debris of the landslide was formed of blocks clay having horst and graben shapes, typical of spreads in sensitive clays. A detailed investigation was carried out by the Ministère des Transports, de la Mobilité durable et de l’électrification des transports du Québec in collaboration with Université Laval, with the objective of characterizing this landslide, determining the causes and learning about its failure mechanism. The soil involved is a firm, grey, sensitive lightly overconsolidated clay with some silt. Data from piezometers installed near the landslide indicated artesian conditions underneath the Salvail River. Cone penetration tests allowed to location of two failure surface levels. The first one starting 2.5 m below the initial river bed and extending horizontally up to 125 m and a second one 10 m higher reaching the backscarp. Investigation of the debris with onsite measurements, light detector and ranging surveys, cone penetration tests, and boreholes allowed a detailed geotechnical and morphological analysis of the debris and reconstitution of the dislocation mechanism of this complex spread.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Numerical modeling of progressive failure and its application to spreads in sensitive clays
    (Conseil national de recherches du Canada, 2013-07-15) Locat, Ariane; Jostad, Hans Petter; Leroueil, Serge
    Les étalements sont de grands glissements de terrain survenant dans les argiles sensibles. Les méthodes d’analyse de la stabilité utilisant la méthode à l’équilibre limite donnent des coefficients de sécurité élevés et ne peuvent s’appliquer à ces glissements. Le mécanisme de rupture progressive expliquerait l’initiation et la propagation de la surface de rupture et la dislocation du sol en horst et en grabens, typiques aux étalements. Une méthode numérique est présentée afin d’identifier les paramètres influençant la rupture progressive et de valider son application aux étalements. Cette méthode évalue les contraintes présentes initialement dans le talus et modélise l’initiation et la propagation de la rupture progressive. Il est démontré que les hautes pentes, fortement inclinées ayant un coefficient de pression des terres au repos élevé sont susceptibles à la rupture progressive et que la surface de rupture se propage sur une grande distance. La rupture est favorisée par un sol ayant une grande fragilité lors du cisaillement. Une faible résistance à grande-déformation du sol favorise une grande distance de propagation. Les argiles de l’est du Canada, pouvant présenter une forte sensibilité et une grande fragilité lors du cisaillement, sont donc susceptibles à la rupture progressive et celle-ci explique l’occurrence d’étalements dans ces sols.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Development of a long term monitoring network of sensitive clay slopes in Québec in the context of climate change
    (springer international publishing, 2017-05-24) Locat, Pascal; Cloutier, Catherine; Locat, Ariane; Fortin, Alexis; Lemieux, Jean-Michel; Locat, Jacques; Leroueil, Serge; Demers, Denis; Bilodeau, Chantal
    The Government of Québec recently initiated the deployment of a vast groundwater pressures monitoring network in postglacial marine clays to document their variations in time and improve our understanding of the relationship between failure initiation and climate in clay slopes. This project aims at evaluating the impacts of climate change on clay-slope stability and how it can be integrated in landslide risk management to improve public safety. Hydrogeological data will be acquired at sites located throughout the Québec Province’s post-glacial clay deposits to create a public georeferenced index of typical hydrogeological conditions. The project goes beyond the characterization of groundwater pressures and their variations in clay slopes. Indeed, slope deformation will be measured at several sites. Also, two sites in flat terrain will be instrumented in order to evaluate mechanical properties of clay layers in simple 1-D conditions and groundwater recharge. The unsaturated clay crust in slopes susceptible to superficial landslides will be characterized and instrumented. The current lifetime of the monitoring project has been set to a period of 25 years.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Landslides in sensitive clays : from research to implementation
    (Springer, 2017-01-01) Thakur, Vikas; Locat, Ariane; L'Heureux, Jean-Sébastien
    Sensitive clays, when provoked by manmade or natural causes, have led to several landslide disasters throughout history. This has been reminded by the recent catastrophic landslides at e.g. St. Jude (2010), Lyngen (2010), Kattmarka (2009), Byneset (2012), Skjeggestad landslide (2015) and Sørum (2016). In the last 40 years there has been approximately 1 or 2 slides per decade with a volume ≥ 500,000 m3 (Thakur et al. 2014). Alone, the collapse of Skjeggestad bridge in Norway in 2015 resulted in damages for over several millions of dollars and was associated to a landslide in sensitive clay. Since landslides in sensitive clays possess huge destructive capabilities, there is a need for accurate assessment and prediction of landslide potential in such materials. However, this is not a straightforward task due to the complexity associated with characterization, identification, mapping and testing of such materials.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Tsunami generation by potential, partially submerged rockslides in an abandoned open-pit mine : the case of Black Lake, Quebec, Canada
    (Conseil national de recherches du Canada, 2018-03-12) Leblanc, Jonathan; Locat, Ariane; Grenon, Martin; Harbitz, Carl B.; Locat, Jacques; Løvholt, Finn; Turmel, Dominique; Kim, Jihwan
    The Black Lake rockslide is located on the east wall of an open-pit mine initially operated by LAB Chrysotile near Thetford Mines, Quebec. Movements were observed in July 2012 when a volume of 2.0 × 107 m3 was mobilized, destroying a large portion of Highway 112. Mining operations ceased in 2012, causing the complete shutdown of the pumping system whose goal was to prevent the rise of water level in the pit. As the water level increases in the pit, it is essential to determine the potential of tsunami generation by possible partially submerged rockslides and to understand the potential impacts. A series of possible scenarios have been analysed with regard to velocity and acceleration of the potential rockslide as well as the corresponding wave generation and inundation. Results from the simulation show that when the factor of safety of the global slope is less than unity, inundation would not reach the potentially vulnerable infrastructures. Maximum wave height will vary as a function of the filling of the lake, and the lower wave height relative to water depth will happen when the lake is completely filled.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Étude d'un étalement latéral dans les argiles de l'Est du Canada et de la rupture progressive : le cas du glissement de Saint-Barnabé-Nord
    (2007) Locat, Ariane; Leroueil, Serge
    Ce projet de maîtrise présente le modèle stratigraphique et géomorphologique du glissement de Saint-Barnabé-Nord, survenu le 10 décembre 2005, et la caractérisation géotechnique des matériaux y étant impliqués. Il s’agit d’un étalement latéral survenu dans des argiles silteuses surconsolidées (OCR entre 1.5 et 3.2) de la mer de Champlain dont la résistance au cisaillement non drainée est plus élevée que 100kPa. L’étude de cet étalement latéral a démontré la nécessité de l’utilisation du concept de rupture progressive afin d’éclaircir la compréhension des étalements latéraux. La vérification de l’applicabilité du modèle de Bernander et al. (1988 et 1989) et Bernander (2000), utilisant la rupture progressive, sur un étalement latéral a donc été réalisée avec le cas du glissement de Saint-Barnabé-Nord. Cette modélisation a permis d’analyser le risque d’une rupture locale causée par une force d’extension ou par un déplacement, pouvant être induit par le fluage ou l’érosion, qui expliquerait la formation des premiers horsts et grabens, typiques aux étalements latéraux.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Rupture progressive et étalements dans les argiles sensibles
    (2012) Locat, Ariane; Jostad, Hans Petter; Leroueil, Serge
    Des observations d'événements passés sont utilisées afin de démontrer que la rupture progressive explique les étalements, de grands glissements survenant dans les argiles sensibles. Lors d'une rupture progressive, le comportement anti-écrouissage est utilisé afin de distribuer les contraintes dans le talus et explique qu'une faible perturbation initie une grande rupture. Il est illustré que dans le cas des étalements, l'instabilité est déclenchée près du pied de talus par un déchargement critique, généralement causé par érosion. La rupture progressive se propage quasi-horizontalement dans le talus et réduit la pression des terres, menant à la dislocation active du sol en horsts et grabens. La dislocation du talus fait donc suite à la propagation de la surface de rupture. Une méthode numérique est élaborée afin d'identifier les paramètres influençant la rupture progressive et de valider l'application du mécanisme aux étalements. Cette méthode comporte deux étapes : (i) évaluation des contraintes présentes initialement dans le talus et (ii) modélisation de la rupture progressive. H est démontré que les hautes pentes, fortement inclinées avec un coefficient de pression des terres au repos (Ko) élevé sont susceptibles à la rupture progressive et que celle-ci se propage sur une grande distance. La rupture est favorisée par un sol ayant une grande fragilité lors du cisaillement et une faible rigidité. Une faible résistance à grande déformation du sol favorise une grande distance de propagation. Les argiles de l'est du Canada présentant une forte sensibilité et une grande fragilité lors du cisaillement sont donc considérées comme susceptibles à la rupture progressive. La méthode est appliquée à l'étalement survenu à Sainte-Monique-de-Nicolet, en 1994, dans une argile silteuse sensible presque normalement consolidée. H est démontré que la contrainte de cisaillement initiale dans la pente était près de la résistance intacte du sol. La stabilité du talus était précaire. L'initiation et l'étendue de la rupture observée est expliquée par un sol ayant une grande fragilité lors du cisaillement et une résistance à grande déformation près de la résistance remaniée du sol. D est donc démontré numériquement que la rupture progressive explique l'initiation et l'étendue de la surface de rupture de cet étalement.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    The 1994 landslide at Sainte-Monique, Quebec : geotechnical investigation and application of progressive failure analysis
    (Canadian Science Publishing, 2014-09-11) Locat, Ariane; Leroueil, Serge; Fortin, Alexis; Demers, Denis; Jostad, Hans Petter
    In 1994, a landslide occurred in the municipality of Sainte-Monique, Quebec. The debris of the landslide had graben and host shapes, typical of spreads in sensitive clays. The geotechnical investigation shows that the soil involved is a firm to stiff, sensitive, nearly normally consolidated grey silty clay of high plasticity. This soil exhibits a high sensitivity and a high brittleness during shear and is therefore susceptible to progressive failure. Traditional stability analysis cannot explain this landslide. This gives the opportunity to examine the applicability of progressive failure analysis to this spread. Using the finite elements method, it is demonstrated that the initiation and observed extent of the failure surface are explained by a soil having high brittleness during shear and a large-deformation shear strength close to the remoulded shear strength of the soil. The dislocation of the soil mass can also be explained by the active failure occurring in the soil mass above the failure surface during or shortly after failure propagation. It is therefore numerically demonstrated that progressive failure explains the initiation and the extent of the failure surface of this spread.