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Personne :
Poulin, Monique

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Poulin

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Monique

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Université Laval. Département de phytologie

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ncf13665144

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Voici les éléments 1 - 10 sur 25
  • PublicationAccès libre
    La flore des tourbières de l’île d’Anticosti lorsque soustraite au broutement par le cerf de Virginie
    (2017-06-21) Poulin, Monique; Bachand, Marianne; Pellerin, Stéphanie; Côté, Steeve D.; Courchesne, Milène
    Depuis son introduction, il y a plus d’une centaine d’années, le cerf de Virginie (Odocoileus virginianus Zimm.) a fortement perturbé la flore de l’île d’Anticosti. Les communautés forestières sont sans contredit celles qui ont été les plus affectées. Toutefois, le cerf exploite et perturbe aussi d’autres écosystèmes, comme les tourbières. Dans ce contexte, nous voulions savoir quelle serait la diversité végétale des tourbières à la suite du retrait du cerf. Pour ce faire, 53 exclos ont été mis en place en 2007 et suivis pendant 8 ans. Au total, 125 espèces végétales ont été identifiées dans l’ensemble des exclos en 2007 et 151 espèces après 8 ans d’exclusion du cerf, ce qui représente une hausse de 21 %. Le nombre d’espèces indicatrices, c’est-à-dire celles caractéristiques d’un habitat donné, a également augmenté, passant de 33 à 48, la hausse étant particulièrement importante dans les laggs (écotones entre la forêt et la tourbière). Le recouvrement des espèces préférées par le cerf a grandement augmenté, notamment celui du bouleau nain (Betula pumila L.) et de la sanguisorbe du Canada (Sanguisorba canadensis L.) (respectivement 2 et 8 fois). Au final, les tourbières de l’île d’Anticosti possèdent un potentiel de diversité végétale plus élevé qui peut s’exprimer avec l’arrêt du broutement par le cerf de Virginie.
  • PublicationRestreint
    Persistence and colonisation as measures of success in bog restoration for aquatic invertebrates : a question of detection
    (Blackwell, 2007-01-11) Mazerolle, Marc J.; Poulin, Monique
    1. van Duinen etal. (Freshwater Biol., 2006) raise an interesting point regarding Mazerolle et al.'s (Freshwater Biol., 2006, 51, p. 333) conclusion on the ability of invertebrates, especially sedentary species, to colonise newly created bogs pools. We wish to clarify that Mazerolle et al. (2006) targeted large arthropods and the absence of smaller sedentary species was purely a result of sampling design. 2. van Duinen et al. (2006) postulate that colonisation rates by bog specialists should be higher in Canada than in the Netherlands, given the extensive amount of intact peatlands in Canada. Here, we emphasise the importance of taking the regional context into account when assessing restoration success as our study site occurs in a landscape where most bog pools have been drained. 3. An evaluation of restoration efforts should focus on both sedentary and vagile invertebrates, to resolve the importance of persistence and colonisation. Such patterns are difficult to interpret, however, when sampling designs and analyses do not account for the probability of detection: an absence may be due to non-detection or true absence. We strongly urge investigators to directly estimate detection probability in addition to the parameters of interest (e.g. presence, abundance) to provide the best information possible regarding restoration success.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Growth response of cuttings to drought and intermittent flooding for three Salix species and implications for riverbank soil bioengineering
    (New York : Springer, 2021-04-12) Keita, Naren; Bourgeois, Bérenger; Evette, André; Tisserant, Maxime; González, Eduardo; Breton, Vincent; Goulet, Charles; Poulin, Monique
    Willows are used as cuttings or in fascines for riverbank soil bioengineering, to control erosion with their high resprouting ability and rapid growth. However, water availability is highly variable along riverbanks both in time and space and constitutes a major stress limiting willow establishment. A species-specific understanding of willow cutting response to water stress is critical to design successful riverbank soil bioengineering projects given exclusive use of local species is often recommended. In a three-month greenhouse experiment, we investigated the effects of three soil moisture treatments (drought—soil saturation—intermittent flooding) on survival, biomass production and root growth of cuttings of three willow species used for soil bioengineering along NE American streams (Salix discolor—S. eriocephala—S. interior). Cutting survival was high for all species and treatments (>89%). Biomass production and root volume only differed between species. S. eriocephala produced the highest biomass and root volume, and S. discolor invested more in belowground than aboveground biomass. Root length responded to soil moisture differently between species. Under intermittent flooding, S. eriocephala produced shorter roots, while S. interior produced longer roots. For riverbank soil bioengineering, S. eriocephala should be favored at medium elevation and S. interior at lower elevation.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Native plant turnover and limited exotic spread explain swamp biotic differentiation with urbanization
    (Uppsala, Sweden : Opulus Press, 2020-11-27) Paquin, Léo Janne; Bourgeois, Bérenger; Pellerin, Stéphanie; Didier Alard; Poulin, Monique
    Questions: Does urbanization promote biotic differentiation or homogenization of swamp plant communities? What is the contribution of natives and exotics to swamp response to urbanization? Location: Quebec City, Canada. Methods: Plant communities of 34 swamps located in low, moderately or highly urbanized landscapes were sampled, and species classified into three exclusive groups: native wetland, native upland and exotic plants. Urbanization's influence on the richness of each plant group was assessed using mixed models. Between-site compositional similarities were calculated to identify variations in beta diversity with urbanization level using tests for homogeneity in multivariate dispersion. Beta diversity was further partitioned into species replacement and richness difference for each plant group. Finally, the relationships of ten environmental variables representing soil water saturation and microtopography with plant assemblages were determined by redundancy analysis. Results: Although the richness of exotics increased with urbanization intensity, revealing increasing propagule pressure, it remained six to 27 times lower compared to the richness of natives, which remained stable with urbanization. On the other hand, beta diversity increased with urbanization, with higher dissimilarities in species composition between highly urbanized swamps than between low-urbanized ones. This pattern resulted from high species replacement among natives, while richness difference mainly contributed to exotic beta diversity. Changes in plant assemblages were mostly associated with bryophyte cover and soil drainage and red mottle size, suggesting that hydrological conditions likely acted as a strong driver of swamp plant community response to urbanization. Conclusions: Swamp plant communities experienced biotic differentiation with increasing urbanization. This differentiation pattern likely was linked to the unpredict-able effect of urbanization on hydrological regimes, which promoted high native turnover while limiting exotic spread. Long-term monitoring is recommended to ensure that exotics do not outcompete natives through time. Designing sustainable cities requires a greater understanding of the multifaceted effect of urbanization on biodiversity.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Fostering synergies between ecosystem services and biodiversity in conservation planning : a review
    (Elsevier, 2013-10-01) Cimon-Morin, Jérôme; Darveau, Marcel; Poulin, Monique
    Our dependence on biodiversity and ecosystem services (ES) is increasing, due to population expansion and economic growth. Consequently, maintaining biodiversity and sustaining ES supply should consistently be incorporated into conservation project objectives. We reviewed 238 scientific articles to evaluate current knowledge, guided by three questions: (1) How do we identify important sites for ES conservation? (2) How can we maximize synergy between biodiversity and ES during conservation planning? (3) Does integrating the concept of ES provide new tools to facilitate biodiversity conservation? We found that the most effective approach to identifying ES priority areas for conservation is based on quantifiable biophysical indicators as well as their spatiotemporal flow scale. Moreover, we found that the general lack of spatial congruence between biodiversity and ES is attributable to: (i) the type of data used for ES mapping; (ii) the greater accuracy of functional diversity, compared to other biodiversity features, in predicting ES provision; (iii) the higher positive spatial correlation of regulating services with biodiversity, whereas provisioning services are negatively correlated. Systematic conservation planning procedures based on site complementarity would increase the efficiency of both biodiversity and ES conservation. Economic valuation of ES, such as through cost-benefit analysis, could help to justify conservation actions by showing that the financial benefits of nature conservation greatly exceed the cost. Moreover, payments for ecosystem services could create new incentives and funding sources for the conservation of biodiversity. We conclude by proposing areas for further research for the fostering of conservation synergies between biodiversity and ES.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Site complementarity between biodiversity and ecosystem services in conservation planning of sparsely-populated regions.
    (Cambridge University Press, 2015-06-02) Cimon-Morin, Jérôme; Darveau, Marcel; Poulin, Monique
    The consequences of considering ecosystem services (ES) in conservation assessment are still widely debated. The degree of success depends on the extent to which biodiversity and ES can be secured under joint conservation actions. Unlike biodiversity, ES conservation is inseparably linked to human beneficiaries. Reconciling biodiversity with ES and conservation can be particularly challenging in sparsely populated areas. This study, in a sparselypopulated region of eastern Canada, focused on freshwater wetland biodiversity and ten ES provided by wetlands. Within a given maximal total area, the results showed that planning for biodiversity underrepresented local flow ES supply by 57% and demand by 61% in conservation networks. Planning for ES alone underrepresented wetland biodiversity surrogates by an average of 34%. Considering both biodiversity and ES simultaneously, all of the biodiversity and ES targets were achieved with only a 6% mean increase in area. Achieving all conservation targets starting from a network that was primarily built for either ES or biodiversity features alone was two to five times less efficient than considering both ES and biodiversity simultaneously in conservation assessment. A better framework is required to translate these spatial synergies into effective joint conservation actions.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Establishing a moss cover inhibits the germination of Typha latifolia, an invasive species, in restored peatlands
    (Elsevier, 2012-03-27) Bourgeois, Bérenger; Hogue-Hugron, Sandrine; Poulin, Monique
    Invasion of Typha latifolia L. into man-made pools in restored North American peatlands may represent a serious barrier to the establishment of a plant community typical of natural pool edges. As no classical method of population management appears applicable in the context of peatlands, our aim was to determine the ability of three environmental factors to inhibit T. latifolia germination, namely peat type, shade level and moss cover. A split-plot experiment conducted in a growth chamber investigated the effects of three substrates (fibric peat, mesic peat and filter paper) and six shade levels (including total obscurity) on germination rates of T. latifolia. In a second, greenhouse experiment, the effect of three increments of moss cover (null, fragmented and full) growing on two peat types (fibric and mesic) was examined for six corresponding seedbeds. Our results show that peat type was the major factor affecting germination, as almost none occurred on fibric peat while germination rates reached 84% on mesic peat. However, germination on mesic peat decreased with increasing moss cover: the germination rate dropped from 36 ± 3% on bare peat to 1 ± 0% in full moss carpets. Germination of T. latifolia was initiated by very low light levels (as low as 6%) but was inhibited by total obscurity. The low pH of fibric peat as well as the modification of environmental factors (e.g. light or substrate access) by moss carpets appear to be factors explaining the results. Establishing a dense moss cover and digging pools to a depth that prevents the exposure of peat with a pH favorable to seed germination (above 4) might be efficient methods to reduce Typha latifolia invasions in restored peatland pools.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Establishment success of trees planted in riparian buffer zones along an agricultural intensification gradient
    (Elsevier Science, 2016-02-12) Bourgeois, Bérenger; Vanasse, Anne; Poulin, Monique; Rivest, D.
    Although riparian zones provide numerous ecological services, they have been widely degraded by agricultural intensification. To recover water quality and restore other critical services, tree planting has been implemented in agricultural riparian buffer zones worldwide. However, intensive agricultural practices adjacent to tree plantations are likely to impede their establishment. In this study, we assessed the survival and size of trees planted in riparian buffer zones along a gradient of agriculture intensification. We studied 68 riparian buffer zones in two agricultural watersheds of southeastern Québec (Canada) where trees had been planted 3–17 years prior to sampling. Tree survival and size (height, diameter and crown width) were measured and related to agricultural intensification, quantified as the frequency of annual crops in the agricultural field adjacent to riparian zones during the seven years prior to sampling. Tree survival decreased by 25% with increasing frequency of annual crops (P < 0.0001; R2 = 35%), independently of the planting year. Aside from the influence of tree age, tree size varied with the frequency of annual crops but only for three of the six most frequently planted tree species (P = 0.0007; R2 = 46%). These three species (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh., Quercus macrocarpa Michx. and Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) showed reduced size with higher cultivation frequency of annual crops, whereas the other three species (Acer saccharum Marsh., Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch and Quercus rubra L.) were more tolerant to agricultural intensification. While tree planting is carried out in riparian buffer zones to mitigate the environmental impacts of agricultural practices, agricultural intensification in turns impedes the establishment success of trees. To increase the environmental benefits provided by agroforestry projects, tree planting in riparian buffer zones should focus on species that tolerate agricultural intensive practices. Additionally, more frequent inclusion of hay meadows in the crop rotation of fields adjacent to riparian buffer zones may be beneficial to the establishment success of planted trees.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Three decades of vegetation changes in peatlands isolated in an agricultural landscape
    (Blackwell Publishing, 2015-04-01) Pasquet, Salomé; Poulin, Monique; Pellerin, Stéphanie
    Questions : What vegetation changes occurred over three decades on two large temperate peatlands (1115 ha) isolated in an agricultural landscape and affected by a human-ignited fire? Location : Southwest Québec, Canada. Methods : In 2012, we revisited 103 plots first sampled in 1984–85. Changes in species composition were evaluated using the Sørensen dissimilarity index, in species frequency with Chi-square goodness-of-fit tests, and in species cover using one-sample t-tests. Tree encroachment was evaluated using aerial photographs and satellite imagery. We used linear discriminant analyses (LDA) and ANOVA to evaluate the impact of tree encroachment on species composition. Results : We found a floristic dissimilarity of 35% between 1984 and 1985 and 2012. Most species whose frequency and mean cover increased were peatland species, while most species with lower frequency and mean cover in 2012 were non-peatland species. The total area occupied by forest increased from 26% to 51%, an overall gain of 280 ha of forest. The species composition of old and new forests as well as of open sectors was highly distinct, as shown by the LDA that correctly assigned 97% of the sampling plots to these groups. Non-peatland species were 15 and five times more abundant than peatland species in old and new forests than open habitats, respectively. Conclusions : Gradual drying of the peatland margins due to drainage of the surrounding catchment, as well as post-fire succession are likely the main drivers of the changes observed. Overall, our study showed that peatlands isolated in an anthropogenic landscape are dynamic ecosystems where vegetation communities can experience substantial changes in a short time frame. The broader implication is that peatland conservation in highly modified landscapes must be linked to restoration.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Ex situ germination as a method for seed viability assessment in a peatland orchid, Platanthera blephariglottis
    (Botanical Society of America by the Brooklyn Botanic Gardens, 2015-03-01) De Vriendt, Laurent; Poulin, Monique; Pellerin, Stéphanie; Lemay, Marc-André
    PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Assessing seed quality in orchids has been hindered by stringent germination requirements. Seed quality has traditionally been assessed in orchids using in vitro or in situ germination protocols or viability staining. However, these methods are not always well suited for rapid assessment of viability in the context of ecological studies. METHODS: The potential of an ex situ protocol for seed viability assessment of orchids in ecological studies was investigated by sowing seeds of Platanthera blephariglottis on Sphagnum moss collected in the orchid's natural habitat. Ex situ germination results were compared with those obtained by viability staining using triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC), and the effect of seed testa color on staining and germination results was investigated. KEY RESULTS: The ex situ protocol yielded high germination rates, with 66% of the seeds germinating after 9 wk. Depending on the seed testa color class, ex situ germination rates were about 1.4 to 2.5 times higher than viability rates determined using TTC, indicating that the TTC technique underestimated viability compared with the method using ex situ germination. The TTC estimates of viability rates were higher for seeds with dark-colored testae than for pale ones, whereas seed testa color had no effect on germination. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed promising results for the use of ex situ germination as an alternative to previously developed protocols for seed viability assessment of orchids in ecological studies. Staining using TTC might not be well suited for this purpose, since it introduced a bias with respect to seed testa color.