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Personne :
Vallée-Marcotte, Bastien

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Vallée-Marcotte

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Bastien

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Université Laval. Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels

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ncf11898295

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  • PublicationAccès libre
    Genetic risk prediction of the plasma triglyceride response to independent supplementations with eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids : the 2 ComparED study
    (BioMed Central Ltd., 2020-06-15) Guénard, Frédéric; Vallée-Marcotte, Bastien; Toro Martin, Juan de; Lamarche, Benoît; Allaire, Janie; Vohl, Marie-Claude; Couture, Patrick
    Background : We previously built a genetic risk score (GRS) highly predictive of the plasma triglyceride (TG) response to an omega-3 fatty acid (n-3 FA) supplementation from marine sources. The objective of the present study was to test the potential of this GRS to predict the plasma TG responsiveness to supplementation with either eicosapentaenoic (EPA) or docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids in the Comparing EPA to DHA (ComparED) Study. Methods : The ComparED Study is a double-blind, controlled, crossover trial, with participants randomized to three supplemented phases of 10 weeks each: (1) 2.7 g/day of DHA, (2) 2.7 g/day of EPA, and (3) 3 g/day of corn oil (control), separated by 9-week washouts. The 31 SNPs used to build the previous GRS were genotyped in 122 participants of the ComparED Study using TaqMan technology. The GRS for each participant was computed by summing the number of rare alleles. Ordinal and binary logistic models, adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index, were used to calculate the ability of the GRS to predict TG responsiveness. Results : The GRS predicted TG responsiveness to EPA supplementation (p = 0.006), and a trend was observed for DHA supplementation (p = 0.08). The exclusion of participants with neutral TG responsiveness clarified the association patterns and the predictive capability of the GRS (EPA, p = 0.0003, DHA p = 0.01). Conclusion : Results of the present study suggest that the constructed GRS is a good predictor of the plasma TG response to supplementation with either DHA or EPA.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Déterminants génétiques de la variabilité des triglycérides plasmatiques en réponse à une supplémentation en acides gras oméga-3 d'origine marine
    (2016) Vallée-Marcotte, Bastien; Vohl, Marie-Claude
    Il est reconnu que la consommation d’acides gras (AG) oméga-3 (n-3) d’origine marine est bénéfique pour la prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires (MCV), notamment en raison de leurs effets hypotriglycéridémiants. Toutefois, il existe une importante hétérogénéité dans la réponse des triglycérides (TG) plasmatiques à une supplémentation en AG n-3 et ce phénomène est en partie attribuable à des facteurs génétiques. Notre groupe de recherche a récemment réalisé une étude d’association à l’échelle du génome (GWAS) sur les participants de l’étude Fatty Acid Sensor (FAS), qui a permis d’identifier plusieurs loci associés à la réponse des TG suite à une supplémentation de 3g d’AG n-3 par jour. La plupart de ces loci sont localisés dans les gènes IQCJ, NXPH1, PHF17 et MYB. Des effets du génotype ainsi que des interactions gène-diète ont été observés avec plusieurs polymorphismes nucléotidiques simples (SNPs) des quatre gènes candidats. Ces résultats suggèrent que des variations génétiques à l’intérieur de gènes identifiés par GWAS peuvent expliquer en partie la variabilité de la réponse des TG plasmatiques à une supplémentation en AG n-3 d’origine marine.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Genetic risk score predictive of the plasma triglyceride response to an Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in a mexican population
    (MDPI, 2019-03-29) Guénard, Frédéric; Vallée-Marcotte, Bastien; Marquis, Julien; Vohl, Marie-Claude; Charpagne, Aline; Vadillo-Ortega, Felipe; Tejero, Maria Elizabeth; Binia, Aristea
    Our group built a genetic risk score (GRS) of the plasma triglyceride (TG) response to an omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid (FA) supplementation in Caucasian Canadians that explained 21.53% of the TG variance. The objective was to refine the GRS by fine mapping and to test its association with the TG response in young Mexican adults. A total of 191 participants underwent a 6-week n-3 FA supplementation providing 2.7g/day of docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 103 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped. A stepwise regression adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) was used to select the strongest SNPs to include in the genetic risk model. A GRS was calculated from the sum of at-risk alleles. The contribution of the GRS to the TG response was assessed by ANCOVA with age, sex, and BMI included in the model. Several differences in allele frequency were observed between Canadians and Mexicans. Five lead SNPs were included in the genetic risk model, in which the GRS accounted for 11.01% of the variance of the TG response (p < 0.0001). These findings highlight the important contribution of genetic factors to the heterogeneity of the TG response to an n-3 FA supplementation among Mexicans.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Novel genetic loci associated with the plasma triglyceride response to an omega-3 fatty acid supplementation
    (Karger, 2016-06-01) Vallée-Marcotte, Bastien; Cormier, Hubert; Guénard, Frédéric; Rudkowska, Iwona; Lemieux, Simone; Couture, Patrick; Vohl, Marie-Claude
    A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) by our group identified 13 loci associated with the plasma triglyceride (TG) response to omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid (FA) supplementation. This study aimed to test whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the IQCJ, NXPH1, PHF17 and MYB genes are associated with the plasma TG response to an n-3 FA supplementation. Methods: A total of 208 subjects followed a 6-week n-3 FA supplementation of 5 g/day of fish oil (1.9-2.2 g of eicosapentaenoic acid and 1.1 g of docosahexaenoic acid). Measurements of plasma lipids were made before and after the supplementation. Sixty-seven tagged SNPs were selected to increase the density of markers near GWAS hits. Results: In a repeated model, independent effects of the genotype and the gene-supplementation interaction were associated with plasma TG. Genotype effects were observed with two SNPs of NXPH1, and gene-diet interactions were observed with ten SNPs of IQCJ, four SNPs of NXPH1 and three SNPs of MYB. Positive and negative responders showed different genotype frequencies with nine SNPs of IQCJ, two SNPs of NXPH1 and two SNPs of MYB. Conclusion: Fine mapping in GWAS-associated loci allowed the identification of SNPs partly explaining the large interindividual variability observed in plasma TG levels in response to an n-3 FA supplementation.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Plasma triglyceride levels may be modulated by gene expression of IQCJ, NXPH1, PHF17 and MYB in humans
    (M D P I AG, 2017-01-26) Guénard, Frédéric; Vallée-Marcotte, Bastien; Cormier, Hubert; Rudkowska, Iwona; Lemieux, Simone; Vohl, Marie-Claude; Couture, Patrick
    A genome-wide association study (GWAS) by our group identified loci associated with the plasma triglyceride (TG) response to ω-3 fatty acid (FA) supplementation in IQCJ, NXPH1, PHF17 and MYB. Our aim is to investigate potential mechanisms underlying the associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the four genes and TG levels following ω-3 FA supplementation. 208 subjects received 3 g/day of ω-3 FA (1.9–2.2 g of EPA and 1.1 g of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) for six weeks. Plasma TG were measured before and after the intervention. 67 SNPs were selected to increase the density of markers near GWAS hits. Genome-wide expression and methylation analyses were conducted on respectively 30 and 35 participants’ blood sample together with in silico analyses. Two SNPs of IQCJ showed different affinities to splice sites depending on alleles. Expression levels were influenced by genotype for one SNP in NXPH1 and one in MYB. Associations between 12 tagged SNPs of IQCJ, 26 of NXPH1, seven of PHF17 and four of MYB and gene-specific CpG site methylation levels were found. The response of plasma TG to ω-3 FA supplementation may be modulated by the effect of DNA methylation on expression levels of genes revealed by GWAS.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Approche intégrée de la nutrigénomique : de l'identification de marqueurs génétiques aux applications cliniques
    (2021) Vallée-Marcotte, Bastien; Vohl, Marie-Claude
    La génomique nutritionnelle est une jeune science qui s'intéresse à l'étude de l'effet d'aliments et de composés alimentaires sur l'expression des gènes ainsi qu'à l'effet des variations génétiques sur la réponse métabolique à l'alimentation. Depuis son émergence au début des années 2000, de nombreuses interactions gène-diète ont été rapportées dans la littérature scientifique, toutefois ce n'est que récemment que des avancées en génomique ont permis de lever le voile sur leur potentiel pour prédire la réponse métabolique à une intervention nutritionnelle. Ces technologies pourraient permettre d'améliorer les interventions nutritionnelles à l'échelle individuelle et populationnelle en aidant à stratifier les recommandations de santé publique et en outillant les cliniciens. Cependant, bien que des compagnies aient déjà commencé à commercialiser des tests de nutrigénomique prédisant la réponse d'un individu à des nutriments, la génomique nutritionnelle demeure peu utilisée en clinique comparativement aux domaines de la médecine et de la pharmacologie, où la génomique est plus fréquemment utilisée pour prédire des résultats cliniques ou la réponse aux traitements. À ce jour, aucune étude en nutrition n'a investigué en profondeur les associations documentées afin de les traduire en outils concrètement utilisables par les professionnels de la santé. L'objectif général de ce doctorat était donc d'établir une preuve de concept montrant l'applicabilité de la génomique au domaine de la nutrition en se servant de la variabilité de la réponse des triglycérides (TG) à une supplémentation en acides gras (AG) oméga-3 (n-3) pour identifier les facteurs génétiques causatifs et construire des outils de prédiction utilisables en milieu clinique. Pour ce faire, un raffinement de la cartographie de loci identifiés par étude d'association à l'échelle du génome a été réalisé afin de construire un score du risque génétique pouvant prédire la réponse des TG plasmatiques suite à une supplémentation en AG n-3 d'origine marine. Les résultats de ce doctorat ont montré que le modèle du risque génétique était hautement prédictif de la réponse des TG et que cette capacité de prédiction demeurait robuste à travers différentes populations. Ils ont aussi montré que des études de génomique fonctionnelle pouvaient s'ajouter aux analyses génomiques afin d'en bonifier le potentiel prédictif. Ce projet de doctorat fournit une preuve de concept solide de l'applicabilité des technologies de génomique au domaine de la nutrition.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Current knowledge and interest of French Canadians regarding nutrigenetics
    (New Century Health Publishers LLC, 2019-02-19) Vallée-Marcotte, Bastien; Cormier, Hubert; Garneau, Véronique; Vohl, Marie-Claude; Robitaille, Julie; Desroches, Sophie
    Objective: The purpose of this study was to draw a global portrait of the current knowledge and interest regarding nutrigenetics in a population of French Canadians from the province of Quebec (Canada). Methods: A total of 2238 residents from the province of Quebec, Canada, were recruited via social networks and from the Laval University employees/students lists to participate to a 37-question online survey on nutrigenetics. Results: Most participants were not familiar with the term “nutrigenetics” (82.7%). Participants with good genetic literacy (26.8%) were less interested in nutrigenetic testing (p<0.0001). The vast majority of participants (90.7%) reported to be willing to follow a personalized diet based on nutrigenetic testing, especially if they came to know themselves as carriers of a polymorphism increasing the risk of certain diseases. Participants had higher interest in testing related to metabolic response to macronutrients (types of sugars, fats and proteins) than to micronutrients or other nutrients related to food intolerance. Conclusions: The attitude of French Canadians about nutrigenetics are very consistent with results from other survey published in the literature. Although few individuals are familiar with nutrigenetics, public’s attitude towards nutrigenetics is globally favourable.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Polymorphisms in FFAR4 (GPR120) gene modulate insulin levels and sensitivity after fish oil supplementation
    (Basel MDPI, 2017-11-06) Vallée-Marcotte, Bastien; Cormier, Hubert; Rudkowska, Iwona; Lemieux, Simone; Vohl, Marie-Claude; Couture, Patrick
    The objective was to test whether FFAR4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with glycemic control-related traits in humans following fish oil supplementation. A total of 210 participants were given 3 g/day of omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids (FA) (1.9–2.2 g of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 1.1 g of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) during six weeks. Biochemical parameters were taken before and after the supplementation. Using the HapMap database and the tagger procedure in Haploview, 12 tagging SNPs in FFAR4 were selected and then genotyped using TaqMan technology. Transcript expression levels were measured for 30 participants in peripheral mononuclear blood cells. DNA methylation levels were measured for 35 participants in leukocytes. In silico analyses were also performed. Four gene–diet interactions on fasting insulin levels and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index values were found. rs17108973 explained a significant proportion of the variance of insulin levels (3.0%) and HOMA-IR (2.03%) index values. Splice site prediction was different depending on the allele for rs11187527. rs17108973 and rs17484310 had different affinity for transcription factors depending on the allele. n-3 FAs effectively improve insulin-related traits for major allele homozygotes of four FFAR4 SNPs as opposed to carriers of the minor alleles.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Nutrigenetic testing for personalized nutrition : an evaluation of public perceptions, attitudes, and concerns in a population of French Canadians
    (S. Karger AG, 2019-05-24) Garneau, Véronique; Vallée-Marcotte, Bastien; Cormier, Hubert; Vohl, Marie-Claude; Robitaille, Julie; Desroches, Sophie
    Background/Aims: This study aimed to evaluate attitudes, perceptions, and concerns about nutrigenetic testing for personalized nutrition in the general population of the province of Quebec in Canada. Methods: A total of 1,425 individuals from the province of Quebec completed a 37-question online survey on nutrigenetics and were included in analyses. The χ2 test was used to test for associations between categorical variables. Results: The majority of the participants (93.3%) considered dietitians the best professionals to give personalized dietary advice based on nutrigenetic testing. The main reported advantage for nutrigenetic testing was “health” (23.5%), followed by “disease prevention” (22.2%). Among the disadvantages, “no disadvantage” (24.4%), followed by “diet restriction” (12.9%) were mostly reported. The 2 major concerns raised were accessibility to genetic testing by telemarketing companies and spammers (51.8%), and solicitation by companies using personal genetic data to sell products (48.6%). Conclusions: French Canadians generally have a positive attitude towards nutrigenetics and consider its use to have many benefits. They expressed concern about possible confidentiality issues associated with the management or property of genetic test results. Education about such issues is needed. Overall, our findings suggest that the population is interested in more extensive use of nutrigenetics in health management.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Fine mapping of genome-wide association study signals to identify genetic markers of the plasma triglyceride response to an omega-3 fatty acid supplementation
    (American Society for Clinical Nutrition, 2019-01-08) Vallée-Marcotte, Bastien; Guénard, Frédéric; Rudkowska, Iwona; Lemieux, Simone; Vohl, Marie-Claude; Couture, Patrick; Calder, Philip C.; Minihane, Anne Marie
    Background: Using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach, our group 3 previously computed a genetic risk score (GRS) from single nucleotide polymorphisms 4 (SNPs) of ten loci which affect the plasma triglyceride (TG) response to an omega-3 (n-3) 5 fatty acid (FA) supplementation. 6 Objective: The objective was to compute a novel and more refined GRS using fine 7 mapping to include a large number of genetic variants. 8 Design: A total of 208 participants of the Fatty Acid Sensor (FAS) study received 5g of 9 fish oil per day, containing 1.9–2.2g of eicosapentanoic acid and 1.1g of docosahexanoic 10 acid, for six weeks. Plasma TG levels were measured before and after supplementation. 11 Dense genotyping and genotype imputation were employed to refine mapping around 12 GWAS hits. A GRS was computed by summing the number of at-risk alleles of tagging 13 SNPs. Analyses were replicated in samples of the FINGEN study. 14 Results: A total of 31 tagging SNPs associated with the TG response were used for GRS 15 calculation in the FAS study. In a general linear model adjusted for age, sex and body 16 mass index, the GRS explained 49.73% of TG response variance (p < 0.0001). Non17 responders to the n-3 FA supplementation had a higher GRS than responders. In the 18 FINGEN replication study, the GRS explained 3.67% of TG response variance (p = 19 0.0006). 20 Conclusion: Fine mapping proved to be effective to refine the previous GRS. Carrying 21 increasing numbers of at-risk alleles of 31 SNPs confers a higher risk of being non22 responsive to n-3 FA. The genetic profile therefore appears to be an important determinant of the plasma TG response to an n-3 FA supplementation and could be used to target 24 those most likely to gain clinical benefit.