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Savard, Josée

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Savard

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Josée

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Université Laval. École de psychologie

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ncf10590175

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  • PublicationRestreint
    Sleep-wake difficulties in community-dwelling cancer patients receiving palliative care : subjective and objective assessment
    (Cambridge University Press, 2017-09-21) Bernatchez, Marie Solange; Savard, Josée; Savard, Marie-Hélène; Aubin, Michèle; Ivers, Hans
    Objective : Prevalence rates of sleep difficulties in advanced cancer patients have varied widely across studies (12 to 96%), and none of these employed a diagnostic interview to distinguish different types of sleep–wake disorders. Moreover, very limited information is available on subjective and objective sleep parameters in this population. Our study was conducted in palliative cancer patients and aimed to assess rates of sleep–wake disorders and subsyndromal symptoms and to document subjective and objective sleep–wake parameters across various types of sleep–wake difficulties. Method : The sample was composed of 51 community-dwelling cancer patients receiving palliative care and having an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score of 2 or 3. Relevant sections of the Duke Interview for Sleep Disorders were administered over the phone. An actigraphic recording and a daily sleep diary were completed for 7 consecutive days. Results : Overall, 68.6% of the sample had at least one type of sleep–wake difficulty (disorder or symptoms): 31.4% had insomnia and 29.4% had hypersomnolence as their main sleep–wake problem. Participants with insomnia as their main sleep difficulty had greater disruptions of subjective sleep parameters, while objectively-assessed sleep was more disrupted in patients with hypersomnolence comorbid with another sleep–wake difficulty. Significance of the Results : The high rates of sleep–wake difficulties found in this study indicate a need to screen more systematically for sleep–wake disorders, including insomnia and hypersomnolence, in both palliative care research and clinical practice, and to develop effective nonpharmacological interventions specifically adapted to this population.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Insomnia, hypnotic use, and road collisions : a population-based, 5-year cohort study
    (American Sleep Disorders Association and Sleep Research Society, 2020-02-29) Mérette, Chantal; Morin, Charles M.; Savard, Josée; LeBlanc, Mélanie; Ivers, Hans
    Study Objectives The study objectives were to examine accidental risks associated with insomnia or hypnotic medications, and how these risk factors interact with sex and age. Methods A population-based sample of 3,413 adults (Mage = 49.0 years old; 61.5% female), with or without insomnia, were surveyed annually for five consecutive years about their sleep patterns, sleep medication usage, and road collisions. Results There was a significant risk of reporting road collisions associated with insomnia (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00–1.45) and daytime fatigue (HR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.01–1.47). Insomnia and its daytime consequences were perceived to have played some contributory role in 40% of the reported collisions. Both chronic (HR = 1.50; 95% CI = 1.17–1.91) and regular use of sleep medications (HR = 1.58; 95% CI = 1.16–2.14) were associated with higher accidental risks, as well as being young female with insomnia and reporting excessive daytime sleepiness. Conclusions Both insomnia and use of sleep medications are associated with significant risks of road collisions, possibly because of or in association with some of their residual daytime consequences (i.e. fatigue and poor concentration). The findings also highlight a new group of at-risk patients, i.e. young women reporting insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Insomnia and its relationship to health-care utilization, work absenteeism, productivity and accidents
    (2009-04-01) Grégoire, Jean-Pierre; Morin, Charles M.; Savard, Josée; Daley, Meagan; Baillargeon, Lucie; LeBlanc, Mélanie
    Background and purpose: To document and provide a micro analysis of the relationship between insomnia and health problems, health-care use, absenteeism, productivity and accidents. Participants and methods: A population-based sample of 953 French-speaking adults from Québec, Canada. Participants were categorized as having insomnia syndrome (SYND) or insomnia symptoms (SYMPT) or as good sleepers (GS). They completed questionnaires on sleep, health, use of health-care services and products, accidents, work absences and reduced work productivity. Data were also obtained from the Québec-government-administered health insurance board on selected variables (e.g., consultations with health-care professionals, diagnoses). Results: There were significantly more individuals in the SYND group relative to the GS group reporting at least one chronic health problem (83% vs. 53%; OR: 2.78) and who had consulted a health-care professional in the past year (81% vs. 60%; OR: 2.8). There were also higher proportions of individuals in the SYND group than in the GS group who had used prescription medications (57% vs. 30.7%; OR: 2.8), most notably to treat insomnia, mood and anxiety disorders, or who had used over-the-counter products (75.6% vs. 62.0%; OR: 1.8) and alcohol as a sleep aid (17.8% vs. 3.9%; OR: 4.6). In terms of daytime function, 25.0% of the SYND had been absent from work relative to 17.1% of GS (OR: 1.7), 40.6% reported having experienced reduced productivity compared to 12.3% of GS (OR: 4.8) and non-motor-vehicle accidents occurred at higher rates in the SYND group (12.5% vs. 6.4% for GS; OR: 2.4). No differences were found for hospitalisations or motor-vehicle accidents. Most of the associations remained significant even after controlling for psychiatric comorbidity. Rates for the SYMPT group were situated between SYND and GS on all major dependent variables. Furthermore, insomnia and fatigue were perceived as contributing significantly to accidents, absences and decreased work productivity, regardless of insomnia status. Conclusions: This study indicates that insomnia is associated with significant morbidity in terms of health problems and health-care utilization, work absenteeism and reduced productivity, and risk of non-motor-vehicle accidents. Future studies should evaluate whether treating insomnia can reverse this morbidity.
  • PublicationRestreint
    Speed and trajectory of changes of insomnia symptoms during acute treatment with cognitive–behavioral therapy, singly and combined with medication
    (Elsevier Science, 2014-03-31) Mérette, Chantal; Morin, Charles M.; Savard, Josée; Vallières, Annie; Guay, Bernard; Beaulieu-Bonneau, Simon.; Ivers, Hans
    Objectives : To examine the speed and trajectory of changes in sleep/wake parameters during short-term treatment of insomnia with cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) alone versus CBT combined with medication; and to explore the relationship between early treatment response and post-treatment recovery status. Methods : Participants were 160 adults with insomnia (mean age, 50.3 years; 97 women, 63 men) who underwent a six-week course of CBT, singly or combined with 10 mg zolpidem nightly. The main dependent variables were sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset, total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and sleep quality, derived from sleep diaries completed daily by patients throughout the course of treatment. Results : Participants treated with CBT plus medication exhibited faster sleep improvements as evidenced by the first week of treatment compared to those receiving CBT alone. Optimal sleep improvement was reached on average after only one week for the combined treatment compared to two to three weeks for CBT alone. Early treatment response did not reliably predict post-treatment recovery status. Conclusions : Adding medication to CBT produces faster sleep improvement than CBT alone. However, the magnitude of early treatment response is not predictive of final response after the six-week therapy. Additional research is needed to examine mechanisms involved in this early treatment augmentation effect and its impact on long-term outcome.
  • PublicationRestreint
    Screening for clinical insomnia in cancer patients with the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System-Revised : a specific sleep item is needed
    (Springer Nature, 2019-02-04) Savard, Josée; Ivers, Hans
    We previously investigated the capacity of the original version of the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System-Revised (ESAS-r) and the Canadian Problem Checklist (CPP) to screen for clinical levels of insomnia in cancer patients. The original ESAS-r includes an item assessing drowsiness and an “other symptom” item, both of which are rated on a scale from 0 to 10, while the CPC has a sleep item, a box which is checked when this problem is present. Because none of these items showed an optimal screening capacity, we concluded that it would be best to add a specific 0–10 sleep item to the ESAS-r. This study assessed the capacity of this ESAS-r-sleep item to screen for clinical insomnia in patients with various cancer types. Methods A total of 392 patients with mixed cancer sites completed the ESAS-r as part of a routine screening procedure implemented in the radio-oncology department of L’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec (CHU de Québec-Université Laval). They also filled out the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Results Using a score of 8 or greater on the ISI as the standard criterion for clinical insomnia, a score of 2 or higher on the ESAS-r-sleep item (50.8% of the patients) was the one that showed the best screening indices: sensitivity of 86.7%, specificity of 75.3%, positive predictive value of 71.9%, and negative predictive value of 88.6%. An area under the curve of 0.89 was found, which is excellent. Conclusions Adding a sleep item to the ESAS significantly improves screening of clinical insomnia in cancer patients.
  • PublicationRestreint
    Le traitement cognitif-comportemental de l'insomnie en contexte de comorbidité / Cognitive-behavior therapy for comorbid insomnia
    (Montréal Université du Québec à Montréal, 2010-01-01) Morin, Charles M.; Ouellet, Marie-Christine; Bélanger, Lynda; Savard, Josée
    Les difficultés de sommeil sont particulièrement fréquentes chez les personnes consultant en psychothérapie. L’insomnie peut constituer la plainte principale mais, plus fréquemment, elle se présente associée avec un autre trouble. Cet article présente des notions essentielles au traitement de l’insomnie comorbide. Nous en décrivons les principales manifestations en contexte de comorbidité avec les troubles de l’humeur et d’anxiété, le cancer, la douleur chronique et le traumatisme crânio-cérébral, et discutons du défi que cela pose pour le diagnostic différentiel. Données probantes à l’appui, nous passons en revue l’efficacité de la thérapie cognitive-comportementale de l’insomnie et discutons des adaptations nécessaires en contexte de comorbidité.