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Personne :
Antoun, Hani

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Antoun

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Hani

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Université Laval. Département des sols et de génie agroalimentaire

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ncf10046750

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Voici les éléments 1 - 5 sur 5
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Beneficial microorganisms for the sustainable use of phosphates in agriculture
    (Elsevier, 2012-10-12) Antoun, Hani
    Phosphorus (P) is vital for plant growth. However, most added soluble P forms insoluble phosphates. Therefore, inorganic P (Pi) accumulates in soils. Soil organic P (Po) is another important reserve (20 to 80% of total soil P). To be available for plant Po must first be mineralized by soil microorganisms. The variability of the results of inoculation trials with P solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs) clearly reflects the complexity of the interactions occurring in the soil-plant-microbes-fauna ecosystem. Important points overlooked in previous studies will be presented and perspectives of the use of PSMs to allow the plant to benefit from soil reserves in Pi and Po will be discussed.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Igneous phosphate rock solubilization by biofilm-forming mycorrhizobacteria and hyphobacteria associated with Rhizoglomus irregulare DAOM 197198
    (Springer, 2016-08-19) Piché, Yves; St-Arnaud, Marc; Antoun, Hani; Fortin, J. A.; Taktek, Salma
    Biofilm formation on abiotic and biotic surfaces was studied with two hyphobacteria, strongly attached to the surface of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Rhizoglomus irregulare (Ri) DAOM 197198 and two mycorrhizobacteria, loosely attached to the roots of different mycorrhizal plants. When the sparingly soluble igneous phosphate rock (PR) from Quebec, or when the chemical hydroxyapatite were used as sole phosphorus (P) source, hyphobacteria Rhizobium miluonense Rm3 and Burkholderia anthina Ba8 produced significantly more biofilms than mycorrhizobacteria Rahnella sp. Rs11 and Burkholderiaphenazinium Bph12, as indicated by the crystal violet assay or by quantifying biofilm exopolysaccharides. As previously observed with planktonic bacteria, biofilms mobilized P by lowering the pH and releasing gluconic acid. The high efficiency of P mobilization by the hyphobacteria Ba8 was linked to the presence of more viable cells in its biofilm as revealed by the hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs showed a high adherence of the best P-solubilizer hyphobacteria Ba8 on the surface of Quebec PR. Hydroxyapatite porous structure did not allow a good adherence of Ba8. Ba8 formed an important biofilm on the hyphae of Ri DAOM 197198 with low reactive Quebec PR while no biofilm was observed with the high reactive hydroxyapatite. Results confirm the possible presence of specificity between the Ri DAOM 197198 and the hyphobacteria and suggest that the interaction would be regulated by the availability of P.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Isolation and biological characterization of phosphate solubilizing bacteria strains from the rhizospheric soils of corn in Mali
    (2012-01-01) Traoré, Lamine; Antoun, Hani; Babana, Amadou Hamadoun; Samake, Fassé; Yattara, Inamoud Ibny; Lahbib, Messaoud
    Forty-eight bacteria isolates from the rhizosphere of three cultivars of corn and three different soils were examined for their phosphate solubiling ability. The tests were realized on NBRIP (National Botanical Research Institute of Phosphate Growth medium) containing the Tilemsi phosphate rock (TPR) as the only source of insoluble phosphorus. All the isolates solubilized the TPR in solid and liquid media. Twenty isolates were selected for their high solubilizing capacity in liquid medium (105 to 311 mg P/ ml/g of TPR). These isolates were submitted to different stress conditions (acid medium with pH 7 to 5, five successive growths and the temperature range of 30°C to 45°C). Only six isolates (I 1 , I 2 , I 3 , I 4 I 5 ad I 6) were able to maintain their ability of solubilizing the TPR and also they were not antagonistics. These selected isolates were also tested for their solubilization efficiency (SE) of TPR and phytate on NBRIP solid medium containing the TPR and phytate as the only insoluble source of phosphorus and phytate respectively. The maximum solubilization (300%) for TPR was obtained with the isolate I 5 and 167% for phytate with the isolate I 1 . It has been observed that the bacteria isolates have an average solubilization capacity of 18.54 kg P 2 O 5 out off 30 kg contained in 100 kg of PNT. The same bacteria strains were tested for their plant growth promotion (PGPR) characteristics which indicated that all produced low molecular weight Organic Acids, Siderophores, Indole Acetic Acid (IAA or auxine), but none of them produced the Hydrocyanic Acid (HCN).
  • PublicationRestreint
    Trapping of phosphate solubilizing bacteria on hyphae of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis DAOM 197198
    (Pergamon, 2015-08-03) Trépanier, Martin; Piché, Yves; Antoun, Hani; St-Arnaud, Marc; Fortin, J. A.; Magallón-Servin, Paola; Taktek, Salma
    A simple method is described for trapping phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) strongly attached to the hyphae of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Rhizophagus irregularis (Ri). Bacteria were isolated from the hyphosphere of mycorrhizal leek plants growing on Turface previously inoculated with soil suspensions, obtained from the mycorrhizosphere of mycorrhizal plants growing in agricultural settings or maple forests in Quebec, Canada. Among the best PSB strongly attached to the hyphae of Ri, 26 isolates belonged to Burkholderia spp. and one was identified as Rhizobium miluonense. Four hyphobacteria exhibiting high potential of inorganic and organic P mobilization were further compared with four equivalent mycorrhizobacteria directly isolated from mycorrhizospheric soils sampled. In general, hyphobacteria were superior in mobilizing P from hydroxyapatite and from a low reactivity igneous phosphate rock from Quebec. Release of gluconic acid or the product of its oxidation 2-ketogluconic acid, are the main mechanisms involved in P solubilization. In a two compartments Petri plate system, Ri extraradical hyphal exudates, supported PSB growth and activity. In the absence of PSB Ri showed a negligible P solubilization activity. In the presence of PSB a substantial increase in P mobilization was observed, and the superiority of hyphobacterial activity was also observed under this system. Our results suggest that in developing a bioinoculant based on selected PSB, their interaction with AMF hyphae should not be overlooked.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Promotion au champ, de la croissance, l’absorption du phosphore et le rendement de maïs (Zea mays) par les souches de Bacillus isolées des sols du Mali et solubilisant le Phosphate Naturel de Tilemsi
    (2013-01-01) Traoré, Lamine; Antoun, Hani; Babana, Amadou Hamadoun; Sacko, O.; Yattara, Inamoud Ibny; Lahbib, Messaoud
    La carence de phosphore (P) est l’un des principaux facteurs limitant la production agricole au Mali. Les cultures répondent bien à la fertilisation phosphatée, mais le coût élevé des engrais chimiques importés restreint leur utilisation par les agriculteurs. Cependant, dans la vallée de Tilemsi, le Mali dispose de gisements de phosphates estimés entre 20 à 25 millions de tonnes, avec une teneur en P2O5 de l’ordre de 23 % à 30 %. Dans le but d’améliorer biologiquement l’absorption de phosphore par le maïs fertilisé avec du phosphate naturel de Tilemsi (PNT), l’effet de l’inoculation de souches de Bacillus isolées des sols maliens a été étudié. La croissance et la teneur en P de trois variétés de maïs ont été mesurées en 2007 ; la croissance, la teneur en P et le rendement de la variété de maïs Sotubaka ont été mesurés en 2008 dans des conditions de champ au Mali. L’expérimentation a été menée au cours des saisons agricoles de 2007 et 2008 à la station de recherche agronomique de Samanko située à 15 km au Sud-Ouest du District de Bamako au Mali. Elle est à une latitude de 12°. 31.552’ Nord, à une longitude de 8°.04.906’ Ouest et à une altitude de 316,8 m. Le sol est de type ferrugineux tropical peu lessivé, de texture limono sableuse avec 76 % de sable, 15 % de limon et 9 % d’argile (Labosep, IER, 2008). Un dispositif expérimental de type split- plit- plot à trois répétitions a été utilisé avec, en parcelles principales, la fertilisation (le PNT 300 kg/ha (insoluble), l’engrais chimique, le complexe céréale 100 kg/ha (17-17-17) et le témoin sans phosphore. Toutes les parcelles ont reçu la même quantité d’azote N équivalente à 150 kg d’urée. Les compléments N et K de l’engrais chimique ont été corrigés pour toutes les autres parcelles. Les parcelles secondaires étaient composées de trois variétés de maïs (Dembanyuman, Sotubaka, Tiémantié) et les parcelles tertiaires étaient composées de témoin non inoculé et les six inoculations avec les lignées de Bacillus solubilisant le PNT. Toutes les lignées appartiennent à Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis (T) ; DSM10. Nos résultats ont montré que la fertilisation phosphatée du maïs avec le PNT ou le complexe céréale (17-17-17) améliore significativement les rendements grain et de la biomasse sèche. L’inoculation avec les souches de bactéries solubilisant le PNT n’a pas influencé la taille des plants après 60 jours de croissance mais elle a significativement influencé l’absorption de P dans les grains et dans la biomasse aérienne sèche. La fertilisation du maïs avec le PNT et l’inoculation avec ces bactéries ont occasionné une plus grande teneur en phosphore des grains et de la biomasse sèche du maïs. La mycorrhization des racines de maïs par les champignons mycorrhiens indigènes a été déterminée en utilisant la méthode de Philips et Hyman (1970).