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Personne :
McCune, Frédéric

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McCune

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Frédéric

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Université Laval. Département de phytologie

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ncf11933202

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  • PublicationAccès libre
    Response of wild bee communities to beekeeping, urbanization, and flower availability
    (SpringerLink, 2019-11-09) McCune, Frédéric; Normandin-Leclerc, Étienne; Mazerolle, Marc J.; Fournier, Valérie
    Wild bees provide pollination services and are currently declining at the global scale. A potential cause for this decline is competitive interactions with domestic honey bees. Urban beekeeping, a fairly new activity, is rapidly gaining popularity. In contrast with agricultural and natural areas, the extent of competition between honey bees and wild bees in urban areas is unclear. The objectives of this study were to quantify the impact of honey bees, urbanization, and the availability of floral resources on wild bee communities. We hypothesized that honey bees exert negative impacts on wild bees, that floral resources favor wild bee communities and mitigate the negative impacts of competition with honey bees, and that the influence of heat islands, used as a proxy for urbanization, varies between wild bees with their functional traits (nesting behavior). We tested these hypotheses with a data set of 19,077 wild bee specimens collected using colored pan-traps at 25 urban sites in 2012 and 2013. We investigated community and population patterns after accounting for imperfect detection probability. We found no evidence of competition between wild and domesticated bees. Our analyses indicate mixed effects of urban heat islands across species and positive effects of floral resources. We conclude that cities can allow the coexistence of urban beekeeping and wild bees under moderate hive densities. However, it will remain crucial to further investigate the competitive interactions between wild and honey bees to determine the threshold of hive densities beyond which competition could occur.
  • PublicationRestriction temporaire
    Syrphid fly response to urban heat islands varies with functional traits
    (Chapman & Hall, 2023-06-27) McCune, Frédéric; Normandin, Étienne; Gervais, Amélie; Mazerolle, Marc J.; Fournier, Valérie
    Syrphid flies (Diptera, Syrphidae) play important ecological roles as pollinators, pest control agents, and decomposers. Communities are influenced by environmental variables such as land use. However, these interactions are poorly studied in urban landscapes. We used pan traps in community gardens, cemeteries, and parks in Montreal, Canada, to investigate syrphid fly communities in an urban landscape and describe how site surface area and heat island cover shape these communities. We estimated the species richness of communities and the occupancy patterns of three syrphid functional groups (insectivores, terrestrial saprophagous, and aquatic saprophagous). We captured 1,791 specimens from 48 species. Species richness increased with site surface area but did not vary with the level of urbanisation. The occupancy of the three groups did not change with site surface area. Syrphid flies of the terrestrial saprophagous group were less likely to occur on sites with high urbanisation, but the occupancy of insectivore and aquatic saprophagous groups did not vary with the variable.