Personne : Bellemare, Judith.
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Bellemare
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Judith.
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Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval
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Publication Accès libre UGT genomic diversity : beyond gene duplication(Informa Healthcare, 2009-10-26) Lévesque, Éric; Bellemare, Judith.; Harvey, Mario.; Ménard, Vincent; Guillemette, ChantalThe human uridine diphospho (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) superfamily comprises enzymes responsible for a major biotransformation phase II pathway: the glucuronidation process. The UGT enzymes are located in the endoplasmic reticulum of almost all tissues, where they catalyze the inactivation of several endogenous and exogenous molecules, including bilirubin, sex steroids, numerous prescribed drugs, and environmental toxins. This metabolic pathway is particularly variable. The influence of inheritable polymorphisms in human UGT-encoding genes has been extensively documented and was shown to be responsible for a fraction of the observed phenotypic variability. Other key genomic processes are likely underlying this diversity; these include copy-number variations, epigenetic factors, and newly discovered splicing mechanisms. This review will discuss novel molecular aspects that may be determinant to UGT phenotypes.Publication Accès libre Overexpression of uridine diphospho glucuronosyltransferase 2B17 in high risk chronic lymphocytic leukemia(American Society of Hematology, 2012-11-20) Gruber, Michaela; Lévesque, Éric; Bellemare, Judith.; Hörmann, Gregor; Guillemette, Chantal; Gleiss, Andreas; Porpaczy, Edith; Bilban, Martin; Le, Trang; Zehetmayer, Sabine; Mannhalter, Christine; Gaiger, Alexander; Shehata, Medhat; Fleiss, Karin; Skrabs, Cathrin; Vanura, Katrina; Jäger, UlrichUridine diphospho glucuronosyltransferase 2B17 (UGT2B17) glucuronidates androgens and xenobiotics including certain drugs. The UGT2B17 gene shows a remarkable copy number variation (CNV), which predisposes for solid tumors and influences drug response. Here, we identify a yet undescribed UGT2B17 mRNA overexpression in poor-risk chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In total, 320 CLL patients and 449 healthy donors were analyzed. High (above median) UGT2B17 expression was associated with established CLL poor prognostic factors and resulted in shorter treatment-free and overall survival (hazard ratio ([death] 2.18; 95% CI 1.18-4.01; P = .013). The prognostic impact of mRNA expression was more significant than that of UGT2B17 CNV. UGT2B17 mRNA levels in primary CLL samples directly correlated with functional glucuronidation activity toward androgens and the anticancer drug vorinostat (R > 0.9, P < .001). After treatment with fludarabine containing regimens UGT2B17 was up-regulated particularly in poor responders (P = .030). We observed an exclusive involvement of the 2B17 isoform within the UGT protein family. Gene expression profiling of a stable UGT2B17 knockdown in the CLL cell line MEC-1 demonstrated a significant involvement in key cellular processes. These findings establish a relevant role of UGT2B17 in CLL with functional consequences and potential therapeutic implications.Publication Accès libre Immunohistochemical expression of conjugating UGT1A-derived splice proteins in normal and tumoral drug-metabolising tissues in humans(Wiley, 2010-10-29) Bellemare, Judith.; Pelletier, Georges; Popa, Ion; Têtu, Bernard; Harvey, Mario.; Guillemette, Chantal; Rouleau, MélanieGlucuronidation by UDP-glucuronyltransferase (UGT) enzymes is the prevailing conjugative pathway for the metabolism of both xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. Alterations in this pathway, such as those generated by common genetic polymorphisms, have been shown to significantly impact on the health of individuals, influencing cancer susceptibility, responsiveness to drugs and drug-induced toxicity. Alternative usage of terminal exons leads to UGT1A-derived splice variants, namely the classical and enzymatically active isoforms 1 (i1) and the novel enzymatically inactive isoforms 2 (i2). In vitro functional data from heterologous expression and RNA interference experiments indicate that these i2 isoforms act as negative modulators of glucuronidation, likely by forming inactive complexes with active isoform 1. We used specific antibodies against either active i1 or inactive i2 proteins to examine their distribution in major drug-metabolizing tissues. Data revealed that UGT1A_i1 and inactive UGT1A_i2 are co-produced in the same tissue structures, including liver, kidney, stomach, intestine and colon. Examination of the cellular distribution and semi-quantitative level of expression of UGT1As revealed heterogeneous expression of i1 and i2 proteins, with increased expression of i2 in liver tumours and decreased levels of i1 and i2 in colon cancer specimens, compared to normal tissues. These differences in expression may be relevant to human colon and liver cancer tumorigenesis. Our data clearly demonstrate the similar immunolocalization of active and inactive UGT1A isoforms in most UGT1A-expressing cell types of major tissues involved in drug metabolism. These expression patterns are consistent with a dominant-negative function for the i2 encoded by the UGT1A gene.Publication Accès libre Étude de l'épissage alternatif des gènes humains encodant les protéines de la voie de glucuronidation(2010) Bellemare, Judith.; Guillemette, ChantalL'une des principales voies du métabolisme des médicaments est prise en charge par les enzymes UDP-glucuronosyltransférases (UGT). Nos récentes découvertes ont mis à jour l'existence de nouvelles protéines nommées isoformes 2 (i2) produites par épissage alternatif du gène UGT1A humain. Ces produits d'épissage ne possèdent pas d'activité enzymatique mais démontrent une distribution tissulaire similaire à celles des isoformes 1 actives. Les enzymes i 1 et les nouvelles formes i2 sont présentes notamment au foie, dans le tractus digestif et le rein et leur localisation subcellulaire est similaire. Par immunohistochimie, nous avons également pu observer leur présence dans les tissus tumoraux. Basé sur les profils d'expression tissulaire, nous avons démontré un impact significatif de l'expression hétérologue stable d'i2 sur la conjugaison de divers médicaments, en présence d'il. Nous avons établi diverses lignées cellulaires surexprimant différentes combinaisons d'il et i2. Une réduction significative de 20 à 82% de la production de metabolites glucuronides est observée en essais enzymatiques pour plusieurs substrats dont l'agent anticancéreux SN-38 et de l'immunosuppresseur MPA. Les expériences de co-immunoprécipitation supportent que cette répression survient via l'interaction directe des protéines il et i2 dans la membrane du reticulum endoplasmique, formant ainsi des complexes inactifs. La fonction répressive d'i2 sur l'activité UGT a en parallèle été validée par des expérimentations en cellules intactes visant la répression des isoformes i2 endogènes par interférence à l'ARN qui entraînaient pour leur part une augmentation significative de l'activité de glucuronidation. Ce phénomène pourrait donc avoir une importance physiologique et pharmacologique significative, alors que l'abondance relative des formes il et i2 interagissant sous la forme de complexes actifs (il-il) et inactifs il-i2) serait déterminante de l'activité de glucuronidation cellulaire. Nous avons également identifié la présence de sept nouvelles isoformes d'UGT2B4 qui sont inactives. Toutefois, la co-expression de trois d'entre elles avec la forme active classique d'UGT2B4 (il) provoque une diminution de l'activité de conjugaison. En conclusion, nos résultats démontrent que des événements d'épissage alternatif des gènes UGT humains influencent la voie de glucuronidation suggérant un mécanisme d'auto-régulation, et par conséquent pourraient modifier la susceptibilité et la réponse au traitement de plusieurs pathologies telles que le cancer.Publication Accès libre Dual roles for splice variants of the glucuronidation pathway as regulators of cellular metabolism(American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, etc., 2014-01-01) Bellemare, Judith.; Roberge, Joannie; Guillemette, Chantal; Rouleau, MélanieTranscripts of the UGT1A gene, encoding half of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes, undergo alternative splicing, resulting in active enzymes named isoforms 1 (i1s) and novel truncated isoforms 2 (i2s). Here, we investigated the effects of depleting endogenous i2 on drug response and attempted to unveil any additional biologic role(s) for the truncated novel UGT proteins. We used an integrated systems biology approach that combines RNA interference with unbiased global genomic and proteomic screens, and used HT115 colorectal cancer cells as a model. Consistent with previous evidence suggesting that i2s negatively regulate i1s through protein-protein interactions, i2-depleted cells were less sensitive to drug-induced cell death (IC50 of 0.45 ± 0.05 µM versus 0.22 ± 0.03 µM; P = 0.006), demonstrating that modulation of i2 levels meaningfully impacts drug bioavailability and cellular response. We also observed reduced production of reactive oxygen species by 30% (P < 0.05), and an enhanced expression (>1.2-fold; P < 0.05) of several proteins, such as hemoglobin α genes and superoxide dismutase 1, that have network functions associated with antioxidant properties. Interaction proteomics analysis of endogenous proteins from the cellular model, mainly in human intestine but also in kidney tissues, further uncovered interactions between i2s (but not i1s) and the antioxidant enzymes catalase and peroxiredoxin 1, which may influence antioxidant potential through sequestration of these novel partners. Our findings demonstrate for the first time dual roles for i2s in the cellular defense system as endogenous regulators of drug response as well as in oxidative stress.