Personne : Goulet, Claude
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Goulet
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Claude
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Université Laval. Département d'éducation physique
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- PublicationRestreintInjuries among skiers and snowboarders in Quebec(Ovid, 2004-05-01) Hagel, Brent E.; Goulet, Claude; Platt, Robert W.; Pless, Ivan B.Background: Snow sports such as skiing and snowboarding are recognized as hazardous, but population-based injury rates or specific risk factors have been difficult to estimate as a result of a lack of complete data for both numerator and denominator. Methods: We used data from 3 surveys to estimate the number of participants and annual number of outings in Quebec by age, sex, activity, and calendar year. Injuries reported by ski patrollers were used to estimate injury rates among skiers and snowboarders for the head and neck, trunk, upper extremity, and lower extremity. Results: Head–neck and trunk injury rates increased over time from 1995–1996 to 1999–2000. There was a steady increase in the rate of injury with younger age for all body regions. The rate of head–neck injury was 50% higher in snowboarders than in skiers (adjusted rate ratio [ARR] = 1.5; 95% confidence interval = 1.3–1.8). Women and girls had a lower rate of head–neck injury (0.73; 0.62–0.87). Snowboarders were twice as likely as skiers to have injuries of the trunk (2.1; 1.7–2.6), and more than 3 times as likely to have injuries of the upper extremities (3.4; 2.9–4.1). Snowboarders had a lower rate of injury only of the lower extremities (0.79; 0.66–0.95). Snowboarder collision-related injury rates increased substantially over time. Conclusions: Except for lower extremity injuries, snowboarders have a higher rate of injuries than skiers. Furthermore, collision-related injury rates have increased over time for snowboarders. Targeted injury prevention strategies in this group seem justified.
- PublicationRestreintRisk factors associated with serious ski patrol-reported injuries sustained by skiers and snowboarders in snow-parks and on other slopes(Canadian Public Health Association, 2007-09-01) Goulet, Claude; Hagel, Brent E.; Hamel, Denis; Légaré, GillesBACKGROUND : Over the past years, the rate of injuries sustained at the alpine ski hills in Québec significantly increased. This raises concern over a possible increase in risk of severe injuries associated with snow-park use. The main objective of this study was to examine the severity of injuries sustained by skiers and snowboarders in snow-parks compared with other slopes from 2001 to 2005. METHODS : A case-control study design was used. Subjects were injured skiers and snowboarders who reported to the ski patrol with an injury. Two sets of severely injured cases were defined based on the type of injury and ambulance evacuation. Injured controls were those who did not sustain severe injuries. 50,593 injury report forms were analyzed. A logistic regression analysis was performed to relate the severity of injury to the type of slope used when the injury occurred. All analyses were controlling for age, sex, skill level, helmet use, season, and type of activity. RESULTS : There was evidence to suggest that, for skiers (adjusted OR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.21-1.53) and snowboarders (adjusted OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.05-1.23), participation in a snow-park increased the risk of being evacuated by ambulance. Severe injuries in skiers were also more likely to occur in snow-parks, but snowboarders had similar risk of severe injury in snow-parks and on other slopes. CONCLUSIONS : These results provide evidence that the type of activities performed in snow-parks may increase the risk of sustaining a severe injury compared with participation on other slopes.
- PublicationRestreintRisk of injury associated with bodychecking experience among youth hockey players(Canadian Medical Association, 2011-08-09) Emery, Carolyn; Goulet, Claude; Kang, Jian; Shrier, Ian; Hagel, Brent E.; Benson, Brian; Nettel-Aguirre, Alberto; McAllister, Jenelle; Meeuwisse, WillemBackground: In a previous prospective study, the risk of concussion and all injury was more than threefold higher among Pee Wee ice hockey players (ages 11–12 years) in a league that allows bodychecking than among those in a league that does not. We examined whether two years of bodychecking experience in Pee Wee influenced the risk of concussion and other injury among players in a Bantam league (ages 13–14) compared with Bantam players introduced to bodychecking for the first time at age 13. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study involving hockey players aged 13–14 years in the top 30% of divisions of play in their leagues. Sixty-eight teams from the province of Alberta (n = 995), whose players had two years of bodychecking experience in Pee Wee, and 62 teams from the province of Quebec (n = 976), whose players had no bodychecking experience in Pee Wee, participated. We estimated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for injury and for concussion. Results: There were 272 injuries (51 concussions) among the Bantam hockey players who had bodychecking experience in Pee Wee and 244 injuries (49 concussions) among those without such experience. The adjusted IRRs for game-related injuries and concussion overall between players with bodychecking experience in Pee Wee and those without it were as follows: injury overall 0.85 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.63 to 1.16); concussion overall 0.84 (95% CI 0.48 to 1.48); and injury resulting in more than seven days of time loss (i.e., time between injury and return to play) 0.67 (95% CI 0.46 to 0.99). The unadjusted IRR for concussion resulting in more than 10 days of time loss was 0.60 (95% CI 0.26 to 1.41). Interpretation: The risk of injury resulting in more than seven days of time loss from play was reduced by 33% among Bantam hockey players in a league where bodychecking was allowed two years earlier in Pee Wee compared with Bantam players introduced to bodychecking for the first time at age 13. In light of the increased risk of concussion and other injury among Pee Wee players in a league where bodychecking is permitted, policy regarding the age at which hockey players are introduced to bodychecking requires further consideration.
- PublicationRestreintCognitive styles of young ice hockey players(1984-12-01) Goulet, Claude; Talbot, Serge; Godin, Gaston; Drouin, DenisThe Children's Embedded Figures Test was used to document field dependency among a group of 60 young French-Canadian hockey players enrolled in a structured ice hockey teaching program. The median age (8 yr., 4 mo.) was kept to form two age groups. Analysis of variance showed significant differences between age groups in total test scores and in both Tent and House series; the older children scored more field-independent.
- PublicationRestreintRisk factors associated with alpine skiing injuries in children(American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine, 1999-09-01) Goulet, Claude; Régnier, Guy; Valois, Pierre; Grimard, Guy; Villeneuve, PaulWe investigated the relative contribution of four risk factors to the occurrence of injuries among alpine skiers aged 12 years and younger (3 to 12 years old; mean age, 9.43 years). The risk factors selected were deficient binding adjustment, absence of formal training, low skill level, and use of rented equipment. A group of injured skiers (N 41) and a control group of uninjured skiers (N 313) were recruited among young skiers at one major alpine ski center in the Québec City, Canada, area during the 1995 to 1996 season. No significant group differences were found for mean age or sex distribution. The adjusted odds ratios for injury were 7.54 (95% confidence interval [2.57, 22.15]) for skiers in the low level of skill category relative to highly skilled skiers, 7.14 (2.59, 19.87) for skiers who rented their ski equipment compared with skiers who owned their equipment, and 2.11 (1.02, 4.33) for skiers with ill-adjusted bindings compared with skiers with better-adjusted bindings. Only formal training did not meet the 0.05 significance level for entry into the model; this is probably because of methodologic limitations. Implications of these results for the development of a prevention program aimed at young skiers are discussed.
- PublicationRestreintListening to a personal music player is associated with fewer but more serious injuries among snowboarders in a terrain park : a case-control study(Butterworths, 2014-12-15) Russell, Kelly; Goulet, Claude; Meeuwisse, Willem; Nettel-Aguirre, Alberto; Emery, Carolyn; Gushue, Shantel; Wishart, Jillian; Romanow, Nicole; Rowe, Brian H.; Hagel, Brent E.Background Some snowboarders listen to music on a personal music player and the objective was to determine if listening to music was associated with injury in a terrain park. Methods A case–control study was conducted at a terrain park in Alberta, Canada during the 2008–2009 and 2009–2010 winter seasons. Cases were snowboarders who were injured in the terrain park and presented to either the ski patrol and/or a nearby emergency department (ED). Demographic, environmental and injury characteristics were collected from standardised ski patrol Accident Report Forms, ED medical records and telephone interviews. Controls were uninjured snowboarders using the same terrain park and were interviewed as they approached the lift-line on randomly selected days and times. Multivariable logistic regression determined if listening to music was associated with the odds of snowboard injury. Results Overall, 333 injured cases and 1261 non-injured controls were enrolled; 69 (21%) cases and 425 (34%) controls were listening to music. Snowboarders listening to music had significantly lower odds of injury compared with those not listening to music (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.68; 95% CI 0.48 to 0.98). Snowboarders listening to music had significantly higher odds of presenting to the ED versus ski patrol only compared with those not listening to music (adjusted OR 2.09; 95% CI 1.07 to 4.05). Conclusions While listening to music decreased the odds of any injury in the terrain park, it increased the odds of an injury resulting in ED presentation.
- PublicationRestreintEvaluation of a theory-based intervention aimed at improving coaches’ recommendations on sports nutrition to their athletes(Elsevier, 2016-05-24) Drapeau, Vicky; Goulet, Claude; Jacob, Raphaëlle; Lamarche, Benoît; Laramée, Catherine; Valois, Pierre; Provencher, VéroniqueBackground : Coaches are a major source of nutrition information and influence for young athletes. Yet, most coaches do not have training in nutrition to properly guide their athletes. Objective : The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention aimed at improving the accuracy of coaches’ recommendations on sports nutrition. Design : This was a quasi-experimental study with a comparison group and an intervention group. Measurements were made at baseline, post-intervention, and after a 2-month follow-up period. Coaches’ recommendations on sports nutrition during the follow-up period were recorded in a diary. Participants/setting : High school coaches from various sports (n=41) were randomly assigned to a comparison group or an intervention group. Intervention : Both groups attended two 90-minute sessions of a theory-based intervention targeting determinants of coaches’ intention to provide recommendations on sports nutrition. The intervention group further received an algorithm that summarizes sports nutrition guidelines to help promote decision making on sports nutrition recommendations. Main outcome measures : Nutrition knowledge and accuracy of coaches’ recommendations on sports nutrition. Statistical analysis performed : χ2 analyses and t-tests were used to compare baseline characteristics; mixed and general linear model analyses were used to assess the change in response to the intervention and differences in behaviors, respectively. Results : Coaches in the intervention vs comparison group provided more nutrition recommendations during the 2-month post-intervention period (mean number of recommendations per coach 25.7±22.0 vs 9.4±6.5, respectively; P=0.004) and recommendations had a greater accuracy (mean number of accurate recommendations per coach 22.4±19.9 [87.1%] vs 4.3±3.2 [46.1%], respectively; P<0.001). Knowledge was significantly increased post-intervention in both groups, but was maintained only in the intervention group during the 2-month follow-up (Pgroup*time=0.04). Conclusions : A theory-based intervention combined with a decision-making algorithm maintained coaches’ sports nutrition knowledge level over time and helped them to provide more accurate recommendations on sports nutrition.
- PublicationAccès libreDeterminants of restrictive dietary behaviors among female high school athletes(Paris Scholar Publishing, Ltd., 2015-09-01) Morissette, Éliane; Drapeau, Vicky; Goulet, Claude; Lamarche, Benoît; Couture, Steven; Laramée, Catherine; Valois, Pierre; Provencher, VéroniqueThis study assessed the determinants of intention to adopt restrictive dietary behaviors to lose weight among high school female athletes. Methods: Female athletes (N = 255) and non-athlete controls (N = 91) completed a questionnaire based on the theory of planned behavior. Results: Intention to adopt restrictive dietary behaviors to lose weight, which had a prevalence of 22%-29% among athletes and controls, was correlated primarily with attitude towards this behavior (R2 = 45%, p < .0001). Attitude was in turn correlated with improvement in appearance (R2 = 37%, p < .0001). Conclusions: Improvement in appearance is a key belief to address in interventions aimed at decreasing the intention to use restrictive dietary behaviors to lose weight among adolescent female athletes.
- PublicationRestreintPredictors of the use of performance-enhancing substances by young athletes(Raven Press, 2010-07-01) Goulet, Claude; Valois, Pierre; Buist, André; Côté, MélanieObjectives: To document the use of performance-enhancing substances (PES) by young athletes and to identify associated factors. Design: Retrospective survey. Setting: Self-reported anonymous questionnaire. Participants: Three thousand five hundred seventy-three athletes (mean age, 15.5 years) from Quebec provincial teams run by organizations recognized by the Government of Quebec. Interventions: All subjects filled out a validated questionnaire on factors associated with the use of and the intention to use PES. Main Outcome Measures: The use of and intention to use PES. Results: In the 12 months before filling out the questionnaire, 25.8% of respondents admitted having attempted to improve their athletic performance by using 1 or more of 15 substances that were entirely prohibited or restricted by the International Olympic Committee. Multiple regression analyses showed that behavioral intention (ß = 0.34) was the main predictor of athletes' use of PES. Attitude (ß = 0.09), subjective norm (ß = 0.13), perceived facilitating factors (ß = 0.40), perceived moral obligation (ß = -0.18), and pressure from the athlete's entourage to gain weight (ß = 0.10) were positively associated with athletes' behavioral intention to use PES. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that supports the predicting value of the theory of planned behavior. Results suggest that the athlete's psychosocial environment has a significant impact on the decision to use PES and support the need to integrate this factor into the development and implementation of prevention interventions.
- PublicationAccès libreEvaluation of a theory-based intervention aimed at reducing intention to use restrictive dietary behaviors among adolescent female athletes(Elsevier, 2017-06-07) Drapeau, Vicky; Goulet, Claude; Jacob, Raphaëlle; Lamarche, Benoît; Laramée, Catherine; Valois, Pierre; Provencher, VéroniqueObjective To evaluate the effectiveness of a theory-based intervention to reduce the intention to use restrictive dietary behaviors for losing weight among adolescent female athletes involved in aesthetic sports. Design Cluster-randomized controlled trial. Setting Aesthetic sport teams of adolescent female athletes aged 12–17 years. Participants Two teams (n = 37 athletes) in the intervention group and 3 teams (n = 33) in the comparison group. Interventions The 2 groups received nutrition education during 3 weekly 60-minute sessions. The intervention group was further exposed to a theory-based intervention targeting the specific determinant of intention to use restrictive dietary behaviors for losing weight, namely attitude. Main Outcome Measures Difference over time between groups in intention to use restrictive dietary behaviors for losing weight and in nutrition knowledge. Analysis Mixed models for repeated measures. Results The theory-based intervention contributed to maintaining a low intention of using restrictive dietary behaviors for losing weight over time in the intervention group compared with the comparison group (P < .03). Nutrition knowledge score increased equally in both groups. Conclusion and Implications Complementing nutrition education with theory-based behavior change intervention may help maintain a low intention of using restrictive dietary behaviors for losing weight among female high school athletes involved in aesthetic sports.