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Goulet, Claude

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Goulet

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Claude

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Université Laval. Département d'éducation physique

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Voici les éléments 1 - 10 sur 14
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Effectiveness of helmets in skiers and snowboarders: case-control and case crossover study
    (British Medical Association, 2005-02-10) Hagel, Brent E.; Goulet, Claude; Pless, Ivan B. (Ivan Barry); Platt, Robert W.; Robitaille, Yvonne
    Objective: To determine the effect of helmets on the risk of head and neck injuries in skiers and snowboarders. Design: Matched case-control and case crossover study. Setting 19 ski areas in Quebec, Canada, November 2001 to April 2002. Participants: 1082 skiers and snowboarders (cases) with head and neck injuries reported by the ski patrol and 3295 skiers and snowboarders (controls) with non-head or non-neck injuries matched to cases at each hill. Main outcome measures: Estimates of matched odds ratios for the effect of helmet use on the risk of any head or neck injury and for people requiring evacuation by ambulance. Results: The adjusted odds ratio for helmet use in participants with any head injury was 0.71 (95% confidence interval 0.55 to 0.92), indicating a 29% reduction in the risk of head injury. For participants who required evacuation by ambulance for head injuries, the adjusted odds ratio for helmet use was 0.44 (0.24 to 0.81). Similar results occurred with the case crossover design (odds ratio 0.43, 0.09 to 1.83). The adjusted odds ratio for helmet use for participants with any neck injury was 0.62 (0.33 to 1.19) and for participants who required evacuation by ambulance for neck injuries it was 1.29 (0.41 to 4.04). Conclusions: Helmets protect skiers and snowboarders against head injuries. We cannot rule out the possibility of an increased risk of neck injury with helmet use, but the estimates on which this assumption is based are imprecise.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Feature-specific terrain park-injury rates and risk factors in snowboarders : a case–control study
    (BMJ Publishing Group, 2013-11-01) Russell, Kelly; Goulet, Claude; Meeuwisse, Willem; Nettel-Aguirre, Alberto; Emery, Carolyn; Wishart, Jillian; Romanow, Nicole; Rowe, Brian H.; Hagel, Brent E.
    Background : Snowboarding is a popular albeit risky sport and terrain park (TP) injuries are more severe than regular slope injuries. TPs contain man-made features that facilitate aerial manoeuvres. The objectives of this study were to determine overall and feature-specific injury rates and the potential risk factors for TP injuries. Methods : Case–control study with exposure estimation, conducted in an Alberta TP during two ski seasons. Cases were snowboarders injured in the TP who presented to ski patrol and/or local emergency departments. Controls were uninjured snowboarders in the same TP. κ Statistics were used to measure the reliability of reported risk factor information. Injury rates were calculated and adjusted logistic regression was used to calculate the feature-specific odds of injury. Results : Overall, 333 cases and 1261 controls were enrolled. Reliability of risk factor information was κ>0.60 for 21/24 variables. The overall injury rate was 0.75/1000 runs. Rates were highest for jumps and half-pipe (both 2.56/1000 runs) and lowest for rails (0.43/1000 runs) and quarter-pipes (0.24/1000 runs). Compared with rails, there were increased odds of injury for half-pipe (OR 9.63; 95% CI 4.80 to 19.32), jumps (OR 4.29; 95% CI 2.72 to 6.76), mushroom (OR 2.30; 95% CI 1.20 to 4.41) and kickers (OR 1.99; 95% CI 1.27 to 3.12). Conclusions : Higher feature-specific injury rates and increased odds of injury were associated with features that promote aerial manoeuvres or a large drop to the ground. Further research is required to determine ways to increase snowboarder safety in the TP.
  • PublicationRestreint
    Ski and snowboard school programs : injury surveillance and risk factors for grade-specific injury
    (Wiley-Blackwell, 2018-02-08) Sran, Ravneet; Goulet, Claude; Djerboua, Maya; Romanow, Nicole; Mitra, Tatum; Russell, Kelly; White, K.; Emery, Carolyn; Hagel, Brent E.
    The objective of our study was to evaluate incidence rates and profile of school program ski and snowboard-related injuries by school grade group using a historical cohort design. Injuries were identified via Accident Report Forms completed by ski patrollers. Severe injury was defined as those with ambulance evacuation or recommending patient transport to hospital. Poisson regression analysis was used to examine the school grade group-specific injury rates adjusting for risk factors (sex, activity, ability, and socioeconomic status) and accounting for the effect of clustering by school. Forty of 107 (37%) injuries reported were severe. Adolescents (grades 7-12) had higher crude injury rates (91 of 10 000 student-days) than children (grades 1-3: 25 of 10 000 student-days; grades 4-6: 65 of 10 000 student-days). Those in grades 1-3 had no severe injuries. Although the rate of injury was lower in grades 1-3, there were no statistically significant grade group differences in adjusted analyses. Snowboarders had a higher rate of injury compared with skiers, while higher ability level was protective. Participants in grades 1-3 had the lowest crude and adjusted injury rates. Students in grades 7-12 had the highest rate of overall and severe injuries. These results will inform evidence-based guidelines for school ski/snowboard program participation by school-aged children.
  • PublicationRestreint
    The Effect of Wrist Guard Use on Upper-Extremity Injuries in Snowboarders
    (Oxford University Press, 2005-07-15) Hagel, Brent E.; Goulet, Claude; Pless, Ivan B.
    The objective of this investigation was to determine the effect of wrist guard use on all upper-extremity injuries in snowboarders. This matched case-control study was conducted at 19 ski areas in Quebec, Canada. Cases were 1,066 injured snowboarders who reported upper-extremity injuries to the ski patrol during the 2001–2002 season. Controls were 970 snowboarders with non-upper-extremity injuries who were matched to cases on ski area and the nearest date, age, and sex, in that order. The response rate was 71.8% (73.5% for cases and 70.1% for controls). Cases were compared with controls with regard to wrist guard use. The prevalence of wrist guard use among snowboarders with hand, wrist, or forearm injuries was 1.6%; for those with elbow, upper arm, or shoulder injuries, it was 6.3%; and for controls, it was 3.9%. Thus, wrist guard use reduced the risk of hand, wrist, or forearm injury by 85% (adjusted odds ratio ¼ 0.15, 95% confidence interval: 0.05, 0.45). However, the adjusted odds ratio for elbow, upper arm, or shoulder injury was 2.35 (95% confidence interval: 0.70, 7.81). These results provide evidence that use of wrist guards reduces the risk of hand, wrist, and forearm injuries but may increase the risk of elbow, upper arm, and shoulder injuries.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Risk of injury associated with body checking among youth ice hockey players
    (American Medical Association, 2010-06-09) Emery, Carolyn; Goulet, Claude; Kang, Jian; Shrier, Ian; Hagel, Brent E.; Benson, Brian W.; Nettel-Aguirre, Alberto; McAllister, Jenelle; Hamilton, Gavin M.; Meeuwisse, Willem
    Context: Ice hockey has one of the highest sport participation and injury rates in youth in Canada. Body checking is the predominant mechanism of injury in leagues in which it is permitted. Objective: To determine if risk of injury and concussion differ for Pee Wee (ages 11-12 years) ice hockey players in a league in which body checking is permitted (Alberta, Canada) vs a league in which body checking is not permitted (Quebec, Canada). Design, Setting, and Participants: Prospective cohort study conducted in Alberta and Quebec during the 2007-2008 Pee Wee ice hockey season. Participants (N = 2154) were players from teams in the top 60% of divisions of play. Main Outcome: Measures Incidence rate ratios adjusted for cluster based on Poisson regression for game- and practice-related injury and concussion. Results: Seventy-four Pee Wee teams from Alberta (n = 1108 players) and 76 Pee Wee teams from Quebec (n = 1046 players) completed the study. In total, there were 241 injuries (78 concussions) reported in Alberta (85 077 exposure-hours) and 91 injuries (23 concussions) reported in Quebec (82 099 exposure-hours). For game-related injuries, the Alberta vs Quebec incidence rate ratio was 3.26 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.31-4.60 [n = 209 and n = 70 for Alberta and Quebec, respectively]) for all injuries, 3.88 (95% CI, 1.91-7.89 [n = 73 and n = 20]) for concussion, 3.30 (95% CI, 1.77-6.17 [n = 51 and n = 16]) for severe injury (time loss, >7 days), and 3.61 (95% CI, 1.16-11.23 [n=14 and n=4]) for severe concussion (time loss, >10 days). The estimated absolute risk reduction (injuries per 1000 player-hours) that would be achieved if body checking were not permitted in Alberta was 2.84 (95% CI, 2.18-3.49) for all game-related injuries, 0.72 (95% CI, 0.40-1.04) for severe injuries, 1.08 (95% CI, 0.70-1.46) for concussion, and 0.20 (95% CI, 0.04-0.37) for severe concussion. There was no difference between provinces for practice-related injuries. Conclusion: Among 11- to 12-year-old ice hockey players, playing in a league in which body checking is permitted compared with playing in a league in which body checking is not permitted was associated with a 3-fold increased risk of all game-related injuries and the categories of concussion, severe injury, and severe concussion.
  • PublicationRestreint
    Quality of information on risk factors reported by ski patrols
    (B M J Group, 2004-10-06) Hagel, Brent E.; Goulet, Claude; Pless, Ivan B.; Platt, Robert W.; Robitaille, Yvonne
    Objective: To determine the reliability of reporting of information on risk factors from a standard accident report form used by ski patrols and a follow up mail questionnaire or telephone interview among injured skiers and snowboarders. Setting: 19 ski areas in the Canadian province of Quebec between November 2001 and April 2002. Participants: 4377 injured skiers and snowboarders seen by the ski patrol, who completed a follow up mail questionnaire or telephone interview. Main outcome measures: κ and weighted κ statistics were used to measure the chance corrected agreement for self reported ability, age, skiing time on day of injury, lessons, type of practice, use of helmet at time of injury, and hill difficulty. Results: The κ value for helmet use at the time of injury was 0.88 (95% confidence interval 0.87 to 0.90) and for other risk factors ranged from 0.45 (skiing time on day of injury) to 0.98 (age). Few differences were seen in reporting by body region of injury. Reporting consistency was lower for respondents who completed telephone interviews compared with those who completed mail questionnaires and those who responded more than four months after the injury. Conclusions: Moderate to almost perfect agreement, depending on the risk factor, exists between ski patrols’ accident report forms and follow up information. Ski patrol reports can be a reliable and readily available source of information on risk factors for skiing and snowboarding.
  • PublicationRestreint
    Self-reported skill level and injury severity in skiers and snowboarders
    (2010-01-01) Goulet, Claude; Hagel, Brent E.; Hamel, Denis; Légaré, Gilles
    There is evidence to suggest that the rate of injury is lower for expert skiers and snowboarders than for beginners. A better understanding of the relation between injury severity and skill level is also needed for planning injury prevention strategies. Our objective was to examine the severity and location of injuries sustained by self-reported expert and beginner skiers and snowboarders. A case-control study design was used. Injured skiers and snowboarders had to report their skill level on a 5 point scale (1: "beginner"; 5: "expert"). Two sets of severely injured cases were defined based on the type of injury and ambulance evacuation. Controls were those who did not sustain severe injuries. Logistic regression analyses were performed to relate injury severity to skill level. Subjects were 22 078 injured skiers and snowboarders who reported to the ski patrol with an injury sustained on the slopes of an alpine ski centre of the Canadian province of Québec during the seasons 2001-2002 to 2004-2005. Compared with beginners, experts had an increased risk of suffering from a severe injury (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.58-2.23). Expert snowboarders were also more likely to suffer from a severe injury or be evacuated by ambulance (AOR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.02-1.38). Results suggest that the type of activities or manoeuvres performed by expert skiers and snowboarders may increase the risk of sustaining a severe injury compared with beginner participants.
  • PublicationRestreint
    The effect of helmet use on injury severity and crash circumstances in skiers and snowboarders
    (Elsevier, 2004-09-11) Hagel, Brent E.; Goulet, Claude; Pless, Ivan Barry; Platt, Robert W.; Robitaille, Yvonne
    The aim of this study was to examine the effect of helmet use on non-head–neck injury severity and crash circumstances in skiers and snowboarders. We used a matched case-control study over the November 2001 to April 2002 winter season. 3295 of 4667 injured skiers and snowboarders reporting to the ski patrol at 19 areas in Quebec with non-head, non-neck injuries agreed to participate. Cases included those evacuated by ambulance, admitted to hospital, with restriction of normal daily activities (NDAs) >6 days, with non-helmet equipment damage, fast self-reported speed, participating on a more difficult run than usual, and jumping-related injury. Controls were injured participants without severe injuries or high-energy crash circumstances and were matched to cases on ski area, activity, day, age, and sex. Conditional logistic regression was used to relate each outcome to helmet use. There was no evidence that helmet use increased the risk of severe injury or high-energy crash circumstances. The results suggest that helmet use in skiing and snowboarding is not associated with riskier activities that lead to non-head–neck injuries.
  • PublicationRestreint
    Risk factors associated with serious ski patrol-reported injuries sustained by skiers and snowboarders in snow-parks and on other slopes
    (Canadian Public Health Association, 2007-09-01) Goulet, Claude; Hagel, Brent E.; Hamel, Denis; Légaré, Gilles
    BACKGROUND : Over the past years, the rate of injuries sustained at the alpine ski hills in Québec significantly increased. This raises concern over a possible increase in risk of severe injuries associated with snow-park use. The main objective of this study was to examine the severity of injuries sustained by skiers and snowboarders in snow-parks compared with other slopes from 2001 to 2005. METHODS : A case-control study design was used. Subjects were injured skiers and snowboarders who reported to the ski patrol with an injury. Two sets of severely injured cases were defined based on the type of injury and ambulance evacuation. Injured controls were those who did not sustain severe injuries. 50,593 injury report forms were analyzed. A logistic regression analysis was performed to relate the severity of injury to the type of slope used when the injury occurred. All analyses were controlling for age, sex, skill level, helmet use, season, and type of activity. RESULTS : There was evidence to suggest that, for skiers (adjusted OR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.21-1.53) and snowboarders (adjusted OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.05-1.23), participation in a snow-park increased the risk of being evacuated by ambulance. Severe injuries in skiers were also more likely to occur in snow-parks, but snowboarders had similar risk of severe injury in snow-parks and on other slopes. CONCLUSIONS : These results provide evidence that the type of activities performed in snow-parks may increase the risk of sustaining a severe injury compared with participation on other slopes.
  • PublicationRestreint
    Risk of injury associated with bodychecking experience among youth hockey players
    (Canadian Medical Association, 2011-08-09) Emery, Carolyn; Goulet, Claude; Kang, Jian; Shrier, Ian; Hagel, Brent E.; Benson, Brian; Nettel-Aguirre, Alberto; McAllister, Jenelle; Meeuwisse, Willem
    Background: In a previous prospective study, the risk of concussion and all injury was more than threefold higher among Pee Wee ice hockey players (ages 11–12 years) in a league that allows bodychecking than among those in a league that does not. We examined whether two years of bodychecking experience in Pee Wee influenced the risk of concussion and other injury among players in a Bantam league (ages 13–14) compared with Bantam players introduced to bodychecking for the first time at age 13. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study involving hockey players aged 13–14 years in the top 30% of divisions of play in their leagues. Sixty-eight teams from the province of Alberta (n = 995), whose players had two years of bodychecking experience in Pee Wee, and 62 teams from the province of Quebec (n = 976), whose players had no bodychecking experience in Pee Wee, participated. We estimated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for injury and for concussion. Results: There were 272 injuries (51 concussions) among the Bantam hockey players who had bodychecking experience in Pee Wee and 244 injuries (49 concussions) among those without such experience. The adjusted IRRs for game-related injuries and concussion overall between players with bodychecking experience in Pee Wee and those without it were as follows: injury overall 0.85 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.63 to 1.16); concussion overall 0.84 (95% CI 0.48 to 1.48); and injury resulting in more than seven days of time loss (i.e., time between injury and return to play) 0.67 (95% CI 0.46 to 0.99). The unadjusted IRR for concussion resulting in more than 10 days of time loss was 0.60 (95% CI 0.26 to 1.41). Interpretation: The risk of injury resulting in more than seven days of time loss from play was reduced by 33% among Bantam hockey players in a league where bodychecking was allowed two years earlier in Pee Wee compared with Bantam players introduced to bodychecking for the first time at age 13. In light of the increased risk of concussion and other injury among Pee Wee players in a league where bodychecking is permitted, policy regarding the age at which hockey players are introduced to bodychecking requires further consideration.