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Guzzetti, Ezequiel

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Ezequiel

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  • PublicationRestreint
    Paravalvular regurgitation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Is the problem solved?
    (Elsevier, 2018-10-01) Dahou, Abdellaziz; Guzzetti, Ezequiel; Annabi, Mohamed Salah; Pibarot, Philippe; Clavel, Marie-Annick; Toubal, Oumhani; Ong, Géraldine; Salaun, Erwan
    Paravalvular regurgitation is a frequent complication after transcatheter aortic valve replacement and its association with worse outcomes depends on the degree of its severity. Despite substantial improvement in transcatheter heart valve design, sizing and implantation technique, moderate or severe paravalvular regurgitation still occurs in 2% to 7% of patients and is associated with a more than 2-fold increase in mortality. This review provides a state-of-the-art approach to (i) paravalvular regurgitation prevention by optimizing patient selection, valve sizing, and positioning and (ii) the detection, quantitation and management of paravalvular regurgitation during and after valve implantation.
  • PublicationRestreint
    Structural deterioration of transcatheter versus surgical aortic valve bioprostheses in the PARTNER-2 trial
    (Elsevier Biomedical, 2020-10-12) Dahou, Abdellaziz; Guzzetti, Ezequiel; Beaudoin, Jonathan; Annabi, Mohamed Salah; Bernier, Mathieu; Pibarot, Philippe; Clavel, Marie-Annick; Salaun, Erwan; Ternacle, Julien
    BACKGROUND It is unknown whether transcatheter valves will have similar durability as surgical bioprosthetic valves. Definitions of structural valve deterioration (SVD), based on valve related reintervention or death, underestimate the incidence of SVD. OBJECTIVES This study sought to determine and compare the 5-year incidence of SVD, using new standardized definitions based on echocardiographic follow-up of valve function, in intermediate-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis given transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) or surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) in the PARTNER (Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valves) 2A trial and registry. METHODS In the PARTNER 2A trial, patients were randomly assigned to receive either TAVR with the SAPIEN XT or SAVR, whereas in the SAPIEN 3 registry, patients were assigned to TAVR with the SAPIEN 3. The primary endpoint was the incidence of SVD, that is, the composite of SVD-related hemodynamic valve deterioration during echocardiographic follow-up and/or SVD-related bioprosthetic valve failure (BVF) at 5 years. RESULTS Compared with SAVR, the SAPIEN-XT TAVR cohort had a significantly higher 5-year exposure adjusted incidence rates (per 100 patient-years) of SVD (1.61 ± 0.24% vs. 0.63 ± 0.16%), SVD-related BVF (0.58 ± 0.14% vs. 0.12 ± 0.07%), and all-cause (structural or nonstructural) BVF (0.81 ± 0.16% vs. 0.27 ± 0.10%) (p ≤ 0.01 for all). The 5-year rates of SVD (0.68 ± 0.18% vs. 0.60 ± 0.17%; p ¼ 0.71), SVD-related BVF (0.29 ± 0.12% vs. 0.14 ± 0.08%; p ¼ 0.25), and all-cause BVF (0.60 ± 0.15% vs. 0.32 ± 0.11%; p ¼ 0.32) in SAPIEN 3 TAVR were not significantly different to a propensity score matched SAVR cohort. The 5-year rates of SVD and SVD-related BVF were significantly lower in SAPIEN 3 versus SAPIEN XT TAVR matched cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Compared with SAVR, the second-generation SAPIEN XT balloon-expandable valve has a higher 5-year rate of SVD, whereas the third-generation SAPIEN 3 has a rate of SVD that was not different from SAVR. (The PARTNER II Trial: Placement of AoRTic TraNscathetER Valves - PII A [PARTNERII A]; NCT01314313; The PARTNER II Trial: Placement of AoRTic TraNscathetER Valves II - PARTNER II - PARTNERII - S3 Intermediate [PARTNERII S3i]; NCT03222128)
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Effect of regional upper septal hypertrophy on echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular mass and remodeling in aortic stenosis
    (ScienceDirect, 2020-10-14) Guzzetti, Ezequiel; Garcia, Julio; Larose, Éric; Shen, Mylène; Le Ven, Florent; Bédard, Élisabeth; Capoulade, Romain; Annabi, Mohamed Salah; Pibarot, Philippe; Clavel, Marie-Annick; Tastet, Lionel; Arsenault, Marie
    Background: Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is the reference method for evaluation of aortic stenosis (AS), and it is extensively used to quantitate left ventricular (LV) mass and volumes. Regional upper septal hypertrophy (USH) or septal bulge is a frequent finding in patients with AS and may lead to overestimation of LV mass when using linear measurements. The objective of this study was to compare estimates of LV mass obtained by two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiographic LV dimensions measured at different levels of the LV cavity with those obtained by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). Methods: One hundred six patients (mean age, 63 ± 15 years; 68% men) with AS were included in this subanalysis of the PROGRESSA study. Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiographic measurements of LV dimensions were obtained at the basal level (BL; as recommended in guidelines), immediately below the septal bulge (BSB), and at a midventricular level (ML). Regional USH was defined as a basal interventricular septal thickness ≥ 13 mm and >1.3 times the thickness of the septal wall at the ML. Agreement between transthoracic echocardiographic and CMR measures was evaluated using Bland-Altman analysis. Results: The distribution of AS severity was mild in 23%, moderate in 57%, and severe in 20% of patients. Regional USH was present in 28 patients (26%). In the whole cohort, two-dimensional TTE overestimated LV mass (bias: BL, +60 ± 31 g; BSB, +59 ± 32 g; ML, +54 ± 32 g; P = .02). The biplane Simpson method slightly but significantly underestimated LV end-diastolic volume (bias -10 ± 20 mL, P < .001) compared with CMR. Overestimation of LV mass was more marked in patients with USH when measuring at the BL and was significantly lower when measuring LV dimensions at the ML (P < .025 vs BL and BSB). Conclusions: Two-dimensional TTE systematically overestimated LV mass and underestimated LV volumes compared with CMR. However, the bias between TTE and CMR was less important when measuring at the ML. Measurements at the BL as suggested in guidelines should be avoided, and measurements at the ML should be preferred in patients with AS, especially in those with USH.
  • PublicationRestreint
    Validation of aortic valve calcium quantification thresholds measured by computed tomography in Asian patients with calcific aortic stenosis
    (Oxford University Press, 2021-06-25) Guzzetti, Ezequiel; Oh, Kyung Jin; Shen, Mylène; Pibarot, Philippe; Dweck, Marc R.; Clavel, Marie-Annick; Poh, Kian Keong; Tastet, Lionel; Abbas, Amr E.; Mando, Ramy; Pressman, Gregg; Brito, Daniel; Pawade, Tania; Falconi, Mariano Luis; Arenaza, Diego Perez de; Kong, William
    Aims Sex-specific thresholds of aortic valve calcification (AVC) have been proposed and validated in Caucasians. Thus, we aimed to validate their accuracy in Asians. Methods and results Patients with calcific aortic stenosis (AS) from seven international centres were included. Exclusion criteria were ≥moderate aortic/mitral regurgitation and bicuspid valve. Optimal AVC and AVC-density sex-specific thresholds for severe AS were obtained in concordant grading and normal flow patients (CG/NF). We included 1263 patients [728 (57%) Asians, 573 (45%) women, 837 (66%) with CG/NF]. Mean gradient was 48 (26–64) mmHg and peak aortic velocity 4.5 (3.4–5.1) m/s. Optimal AVC thresholds were: 2145 Agatston Units (AU) in men and 1301 AU in women for Asians; and 1885 AU in men and 1129 AU in women for Caucasians. Overall, accuracy (% correctly classified) was high and comparable either using optimal or guidelines’ thresholds (2000 AU in men, 1200 AU in women). However, accuracy was lower in Asian women vs. Caucasian women (76–78% vs. 94–95%; P < 0.001). Accuracy of AVC-density (476 AU/cm2 in men and 292 AU/cm2 in women) was comparable to absolute AVC in Caucasians (91% vs. 91%, respectively, P = 0.74), but higher than absolute AVC in Asians (87% vs. 81%, P < 0.001). There was no interaction between AVC/AVC-density and ethnicity (all P > 0.41) with regards to AS haemodynamic severity. Conclusion AVC thresholds defining severe AS are comparable in Asian and Caucasian populations, and similar to those proposed in the guidelines. However, accuracy of AVC to identify severe AS in Asians (especially women) is sub-optimal. Therefore, the use of AVC-density is preferable in Asians.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Multimodality imaging for discordant low-gradient aortic stenosis : assessing the valve and the myocardium
    (Frontiers Media S.A., 2020-12-03) Guzzetti, Ezequiel; Annabi, Mohamed Salah; Pibarot, Philippe; Clavel, Marie-Annick
    Aortic stenosis (AS) is a disease of the valve and the myocardium. A correct assessment of the valve disease severity is key to define the need for aortic valve replacement (AVR), but a better understanding of the myocardial consequences of the increased afterload is paramount to optimize the timing of the intervention. Transthoracic echocardiography remains the cornerstone of AS assessment, as it is universally available, and it allows a comprehensive structural and hemodynamic evaluation of both the aortic valve and the rest of the heart. However, it may not be sufficient as a significant proportion of patients with severe AS presents with discordant grading (i.e., an AVA ≤1 cm2 and a mean gradient
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Computed tomography aortic valve calcium scoring in patients with bicuspid aortic valve stenosis
    (Elsevier, 2022-04-26) Shen, Mylène; Oh, Kyung Jin; Guzzetti, Ezequiel; Tastet, Lionel; Clavel, Marie-Annick; Pibarot, Philippe
    Background Sex-specific thresholds of computed tomography (CT)–derived aortic valve calcification (AVC) or AVC density (AVCd) to identify severe aortic stenosis (AS) have been established in populations that consisted mainly of Caucasians with a tricuspid aortic valve. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy (i.e., sensitivity and specificity) of previously established thresholds to identify severe AS in patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and according to ethnicity: Caucasian vs. Asian. Methods We built a multicenter registry of echocardiographic and CT data collected in BAV patients with at least mild AS and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction from 7 different centers. Anatomic severity of AS obtained by CT-derived AVC and AVCd was compared to hemodynamic severity of AS obtained by echocardiography. Results Among 485 BAV patients (60% men, 73% Asians), the best thresholds of AVC and AVCd to identify severe AS in BAV patients were 2315 arbitrary units (AU) (sensitivity [Se]/specificity [Spe] = 82/78%) in men, 1103 AU (Se/Spe = 80/82%) in women, and 561 AU/cm2 (Se/Spe = 86/91%) in men, and 301 AU/cm2 (Se/Spe = 83/82%) in women, respectively. According to ethnicity, thresholds for severe AS in Caucasian patients were, respectively, in men and women: 2208 AU (Se/Spe = 83/83%) and 1230 AU (Se/Spe = 87/82%) for AVC and 474 AU/cm2 (Se/Spe = 88/83%) and 358 AU/cm2 (Se/Spe = 80/82%) for AVCd. In Asian patients, they were 2582 AU (Se/Spe = 76/78%) and 924 AU (Se/Spe = 84/80%) for AVC and 640 AU/cm2 (Se/Spe = 82/89%) and 255 AU/cm2 (Se/Spe = 86/80%) for AVCd. Conclusions The optimal thresholds to identify hemodynamically severe AS in BAV patients are similar in Caucasians but appear to be higher in Asian men, compared with thresholds previously reported in tricuspid aortic valve patients. Nonetheless, the thresholds currently proposed in the guidelines have good accuracy and can be applied in BAV patients to confirm AS severity.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Accuracy of stroke volume measurement with phase-contrast cardiovascular magnetic resonance in patients with aortic stenosis
    (Marcel Dekker, 2021-11-04) Guzzetti, Ezequiel; Racine, Hugo-Pierre; Larose, Éric; Shen, Mylène; Beaudoin, Jonathan; Pibarot, Philippe; Clavel, Marie-Annick; Tastet, Lionel
    Background: Phase contrast (PC) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in the ascending aorta (AAo) is widely used to calculate left ventricular (LV) stroke volume (SV). The accuracy of PC CMR may be altered by turbulent fow. Measurement of SV at another site is suggested in the presence of aortic stenosis, but very few data validates the accuracy or inaccuracy of PC in that setting. Our objective is to compare fow measurements obtained in the AAo and LV outfow tract (LVOT) in patients with aortic stenosis. Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients with aortic stenosis who had CMR and echocardiography. Patients with mitral regurgitation were excluded. PC in the AAo and LVOT were acquired to derive SV. LV SV from end-systolic and end-diastolic tracings was used as the reference measure. A diference≥10% between the volumetric method and PC derived SVs was considered discordant. Metrics of turbulence and jet eccentricity were assessed to explore the predictors of discordant measurements. Results: We included 88 patients, 41% with bicuspid aortic valve. LVOT SV was concordant with the volumetric method in 79 (90%) patients vs 52 (59%) patients for AAo SV (p=0.015). In multivariate analysis, aortic stenosis fow jet angle was a strong predictor of discordant measurement in the AAo (p=0.003). Mathematical correction for the jet angle improved the concordance from 59 to 91%. Concordance was comparable in patients with bicuspid and trileafet valves (57% and 62% concordance respectively; p=0.11). Accuracy of SV measured in the LVOT was not infuenced by jet eccentricity. For aortic regurgitation quantifcation, PC in the AAo had better correlation to volumetric assessments than LVOT PC. Conclusion: LVOT PC SV in patients with aortic stenosis and eccentric jet might be more accurate compared to the AAo SV. Mathematical correction for the jet angle in the AAo might be another alternative to improve accuracy.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Why and how to measure aortic valve calcification in patients with aortic stenosis
    (Elsevier, 2019-09-02) Pawade, Tania; Guzzetti, Ezequiel; Sheth, Tej; Clavel, Marie-Annick; Dweck, Marc
    The first-line evaluation of aortic stenosis severity is Doppler echocardiography. However, in up to 40% of patients, resting echocardiographic assessment of aortic stenosis severity is discordant, leading to clinical uncertainty. Interest has therefore grown in aortic valve calcium scoring by multidetector computed tomography (CT-AVC) as an alternative load independent assessment of aortic stenosis severity. This paper will briefly review the pathophysiology of aortic stenosis and the crucial role that calcification plays in driving progressive obstruction of the valve. Subsequently, it will describe published reports that have investigated CT-AVC, validating this parameter against histology, and establishing its diagnostic accuracy versus echocardiography as well as its powerful independent prognostic capability. Finally, this review seeks to provide a practical guide about how best to acquire and interpret CT-AVC with a close focus on potential pitfalls and how these might be best avoided as this technique becomes more widely adopted in to clinical practice.
  • PublicationRestreint
    Left ventricular asymmetric remodeling and subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in patients with calcific aortic valve stenosis : results from a subanalysis of the PROGRESSA study
    (Elsevier Science Publishers, 2021-03-13) Clisson, Marine; Guzzetti, Ezequiel; Bernard, Jérémy; Larose, Éric; Shen, Mylène; Bédard, Élisabeth; Côté, Nancy; Capoulade, Romain; Pibarot, Philippe; Clavel, Marie-Annick; Tastet, Lionel; Arsenault, Marie
    Background: LV asymmetric remodeling (LVAR) is a feature commonly found in AS patients and it is presumed to be mainly related to the severity of valve stenosis. The aim of this study was to determine the associated factors and impact on left ventricular (LV) systolic function of LVAR in patients with mild and moderate aortic valve stenosis (AS). Methods: Clinical, Doppler-echocardiographic and computed-tomographic data of 155 AS patients with preserved LV ejection fraction (≥50%) prospectively recruited in the PROGRESSA study (NCT01679431) were analyzed. LVAR was defined as a septal wall thickness ≥ 13 mm and a ratio of septal/posterior wall thickness > 1.5. LV global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS) was available in 129 patients. Plasma levels of N-terminal natriuretic B-type peptides (Nt-proBNP) were also measured. Results: Mean age was 63 ± 15 years (70% men). LVAR was present in 21% (n = 33) of patients. A series of nested multivariate analysis revealed that age was the only factor associated with LVAR (all p ≤ 0.03). Additionally, these patients had higher baseline Nt-proBNP ratio (median [25–75 percentiles]: 1.04 [0.66–2.41] vs. 0.65 [0.33–1.19], p = 0.02), and significantly reduced LV-GLS (17.9[16.6–19.5] vs. 19.3[17.4–20.7] |%|, p = 0.04). A 1:1 matched analysis showed a significant association of LVAR with reduced LV-GLS (17.9[16.6–19.5] vs. 19.8[18.1–20.7] |%|, p = 0.02) and elevated Nt-proBNP (134[86–348] vs. 83[50–179]pg/ml, p = 0.03). Multivariable analysis also revealed that LVAR remains significantly associated with reduced LV-GLS (p = 0.03) and elevated Nt-proBNP (p = 0.001). LVAR was significantly associated with increased risk of major adverse cardiac events and death (Hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 2.32[1.28–4.22], p = 0.006). Conclusions: LVAR was found in ~20% of patients with mild or moderate AS and was not related to the degree of AS severity or concomitant comorbidities, but rather to older age. LVAR was significantly associated with reduced LV longitudinal systolic function, increased Nt-proBNP levels, and higher risk of major adverse events and death. These findings provide support for closer clinical and echocardiographic surveillance of patients harboring this adverse LV remodeling feature.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Sex-related differences in the extent of myocardial fibrosis in patients with aortic valve stenosis
    (American College of Cardiology, 2019-08-14) Guzzetti, Ezequiel; Kwiecinski, Jacek; Larose, Éric; Shen, Mylène; Bédard, Élisabeth; Everett, Russell J.; Capoulade, Romain; Newby, David E.; Beaudoin, Jonathan; Pibarot, Philippe; Clavel, Marie-Annick; Tastet, Lionel; Arsenault, Marie; Dweck, Marc
    Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of sex on myocardial fibrosis as assessed by using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in aortic stenosis (AS). Background: Previous studies reported sex-related differences in the left ventricular (LV) remodeling response to pressure overload in AS. However, there are very few data regarding the effect of sex on myocardial fibrosis, a key marker of LV decompensation and adverse cardiac events in AS. Methods: A total of 249 patients (mean age 66 ± 13 years; 30% women) with at least mild AS were recruited from 2 prospective observational cohort studies and underwent comprehensive Doppler echocardiography and CMR examinations. On CMR, T1 mapping was used to quantify extracellular volume (ECV) fraction as a marker of diffuse fibrosis, and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) was used to assess focal fibrosis. Results: There was no difference in age between women and men (age 66 ± 15 years vs 66 ± 12 years; p = 0.78). However, women presented with a better cardiovascular risk profile than men with less hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and coronary artery disease (all, p ≤ 0.10). As expected, LV mass index measured by CMR imaging was smaller in women than in men (p < 0.0001). Despite fewer comorbidities, women presented with larger ECV fraction (median: 29.0% [25th to 75th percentiles: 27.4% to 30.6%] vs. 26.8% [25th to 75th percentiles: 25.1% to 28.7%]; p < 0.0001) and similar LGE (median: 4.5% [25th–75th percentiles: 2.3% to 7.0%] vs. 2.8% [25th–75th percentiles: 0.6% to 6.8%]; p = 0.20) than men. In multivariable analysis, female sex remained an independent determinant of higher ECV fraction and LGE (all, p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: Women have greater diffuse and focal myocardial fibrosis independent of the degree of AS severity. These findings further emphasize the sex-related differences in LV remodeling response to pressure overload.