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Personne :
Ouellet, Marie-Christine

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Ouellet

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Marie-Christine

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Université Laval. École de psychologie

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ncf11849742

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Voici les éléments 1 - 9 sur 9
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Apprentissage d'une habileté cognitive mesuré à l'aide du test de la Tour de Londres
    (1998) Ouellet, Marie-Christine; Doyon, Julien
    Le présent mémoire avait pour but de faire la synthèse des connaissances sur l’acquisition d’habiletés cognitives et de développer une nouvelle tâche qui permettrait l’étude des différents processus d’apprentissage impliqués dans ce type de mémoire. Pour ce faire, deux études utilisant deux schèmes expérimentaux différents chez des sujets sains volontaires ont été complétées à l’aide d’une version informatisée de la tâche de la Tour de Londres. Ces études avaient pour objectifs (1) d’examiner le cours de l’apprentissage, par la pratique, d’une nouvelle habileté de résolution de problèmes, (2) de tenter de caractériser les processus qui sous-tendent l’apprentissage de ce type d’habileté et (3) de démontrer qu’un apprentissage spécifique des procédures associées à la résolution de problèmes répétés peut être dissocié d’un apprentissage général des stratégies utilisées pour résoudre cette tâche. Dans l’ensemble, les sujets ont montré une amélioration significative de leur performance avec la pratique suggérant que cette nouvelle version du Test de la Tour de Londres constitue un bon outil pour mesurer l’apprentissage d’une habileté cognitive. Les résultats démontrent également que l’amélioration observée à cette épreuve est associée à une accélération de la phase de réflexion ou de planification au début de chaque essai, ainsi qu'à une mise en place et un contrôle plus efficaces des opérations nécessaires à l’exécution des solutions. Enfin, les résultats révèlent que les sujets ont développé un apprentissage spécifique aux procédures des problèmes répétés, au-delà de l’apprentissage général à la tâche acquis par la pratique à des problèmes différents.
  • PublicationRestreint
    Depression in the first year after traumatic brain injury
    (Neurotrauma Society, 2018-07-15) Laviolette, Valérie; Ouellet, Marie-Christine; Roy, Joanne.; Turgeon-Fournier, Alexis; Moore, Lynne; Savard, Josée; Swaine, Bonnie; Beaulieu-Bonneau, Simon.; Sirois, Marie-Josée; Giguère, Myriam
    The aims of this study were to document the frequency of major and minor depressive episodes in the first year after traumatic brain injury (TBI), taking into account TBI severity and pre-morbid history of major depression, and to describe trajectories of depressive episodes. Participants were 227 adults who were hospitalized post-TBI (76% male; mean age = 41 years; 50% mild, 33% moderate, and 17% severe TBI). Major and minor depressive episodes were assessed with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview at three time points (4, 8, and 12 months after TBI). Overall, 29% of participants had a major depressive episode in at least one of the three assessments, with fairly stable rates across assessments. Participants with mild TBI were more likely than those with moderate/severe TBI to be diagnosed with major depression, as were individuals with a positive pre-morbid history of depression compared to those without such history. In addition, 13% of participants had a minor depressive episode in at least one of the three assessments. Rates of minor depression significantly decreased from 4 to 8–12 months post-injury. Results also revealed a wide variety of trajectories of depressive episodes across assessments. Of note, 52% of major depression cases still fulfilled diagnostic criteria 4 months later, whereas 38% of minor depression cases deteriorated to major depression at the following assessment. These findings suggest that depression is highly prevalent after TBI, and monitoring of patients with subthreshold depressive symptoms is warranted in order to prevent the development of full-blown major depressive episodes.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Anxiety symptoms and disorders in the first year after sustaining mild traumatic brain injury
    (Springer, 2021-11-29) Ouellet, Marie-Christine; Tessier, Danielle; Lamontagne, Guillaume; Souesme, Guillaume; Savard, Josée; Belleville, Geneviève; Le Sage, Natalie; Sirois, Marie-Josée; Giguère, Myriam; Beaulieu-Bonneau, Simon.
    Purpose/objective: The goals of the present study were (a) to document the prevalence of anxiety-related disorders and anxiety symptoms at 4, 8, and 12 months postinjury in individuals with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) while considering preinjury history of anxiety disorders and (b) to verify whether the presence of anxiety in the first months after mTBI was associated with more symptoms present 1 year after the injury. Research Method/Design: One hundred and twenty participants hospitalized after an accident and having sustained mTBI were assessed at 4, 8, and 12 months postaccident with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and questionnaires assessing fatigue, irritability, perceived stress, cognitive difficulties, depression, insomnia, and pain. Results: At 4 months, 23.8% of participants presented with at least one anxiety-related disorder compared with 15.2% at 8 months and 11.2% at 12 months. Overall, 32.5% presented with at least one anxiety disorder over the first 12 months post-mTBI. Participants with a history of anxiety (20.5%) were significantly more anxious after their accident. Individuals who were anxious 4 months after the accident presented with more symptoms in different areas 12 months postinjury compared with nonanxious individuals. Conclusions/implications: The present results highlight that anxiety should be evaluated and managed carefully as it appears to be a key factor in the persistence of other mTBI-related symptoms.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Efficacy of cognitive-behavioural therapy interventions on reducing burden for caregivers of older adults with a neurocognitive disorder : A systematic review and meta-analysis
    (Taylor & Francis, 2020-10-30) Verreault, Phylicia; Ouellet, Marie-Christine; Turcotte, Valérie; Hudon, Carol; Robichaud, Lye-Ann
    Background: By 2025, 34 million people worldwide will be living with Alzheimer's disease or another form of dementia (i.e., neurocognitive disorders). Symptoms of cognitive disorders include memory deficits and executive deficits; these and other symptoms have functional repercussions on daily activities such as doing chores, taking medication and preparing meals. People with neurocognitive disorders often rely on a caregiver to alleviate the impact of their symptoms, but this help has consequences for the caregiver. Indeed, caregivers report subjective burden, depressive symptoms, stress, anxiety and a lower quality of life than noncaregivers. Multiple cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) trials have been conducted to reduce these symptoms for caregivers, and two meta-analyses have suggested that this method could be beneficial in reducing depressive symptoms. However, no meta-analysis has been conducted to evaluate the efficacy of this type of intervention on reducing subjective burden. Method: Eligibility criteria for the individual studies were determined using the PICOS strategy recommended by the PRISMA Statement. Articles were selected from PsycNet, MEDLINE, AgeLine and ProQuest Dissertation and Theses for the period from 2000 to 2017. Article selection, data extraction and bias analysis for individual studies was completed by two independent authors who used a consensus procedure when discrepancies occurred. The statistics Q, df, p value, I-square and Tau-squared were computed. Standardized effect sizes (Hedges’s g) were also computed for all studies. Result: A total of 20 articles were included in the systematic review. Statistics suggested there was no significant heterogeneity, and a fixed-effect model was used. Ten studies (N = 200 caregivers) evaluated the efficacy of CBT in reducing subjective burden, and the meta-analysis suggested a significant reduction in subjective burden following CBT. Additionally, 17 studies (N = 437 caregivers) evaluated the efficacy of CBT in reducing depressive symptoms, and the meta-analysis revealed a significant reduction for these caregivers following CBT. Conclusion: CBT for caregivers of individuals with a neurocognitive disorder was beneficial in reducing subjective burden and depressive symptoms but had no impact on stress, anxiety or quality of life.
  • PublicationRestreint
    A descriptive portrait of human assistance required by individuals with brain injury
    (Taylor & Francis, 2009-07-21) Ouellet, Marie-Christine; Lamontagne, Marie-Eve; Simard, Jean-François
    Background : Human assistance is a counterweight to disabilities for people living with a traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, there is no clear description of the human assistance used by this population in relation with specific life habits (LH). Objectives : (1) to describe the proportion of LH performed with human assistance; (2) to explore the characteristics of TBI persons with greater needs for human assistance; (3) to clarify the categories of LH for which persons with TBI need human assistance; and (4) to determine the relationship between the human helper and the person with TBI across different residential settings. Method : One hundred and thirty-six individuals with moderate or severe TBI were interviewed using the LIFE-H. Results : Human assistance is used to perform one out of three LH. A greater need for human assistance was associated with the number of impairments, motor limitation to the upper limbs, hemiplegia and receiving public insurance. Human assistance was used more often to perform LH pertaining to social roles than those pertaining to daily living. Close relatives were the most frequent providers of human assistance regardless of the residential setting. Conclusion : Given the importance of human assistance in TBI, it is essential to support human helpers during and after rehabilitation.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Caregivers’ emotional distress due to neuropsychiatric symptoms of persons with amnestic mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer’s disease
    (Routledge, 2018-12-27) Ouellet, Marie-Christine; Hudon, Carol; Mavounza, Céline
    Compared to the literature on Alzheimer’s disease (AD), less is known about the emotional distress of caregivers of persons with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI). This study describes and compares emotional distress due to neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) among children and spousal caregivers of aMCI or mild AD care recipients. It also examined the association between the frequency and severity of NPS and caregivers’ emotional distress. In total, 108 spouses or children of persons with aMCI or mild AD were administered the Neuropsychiatric Inventory, measuring the frequency/severity of NPS in the patient as well as the associated caregiver’s emotional distress. Emotional distress due to each NPS was compared between children and spouses and the relationship between NPS and emotional distress was assessed. There was no significant difference in emotional distress between aMCI and mild AD spousal caregivers for all symptoms, but for children caregivers, emotional distress was significantly higher in the mild AD group than in the aMCI group. Regardless of the caregiver’s relationship to the patient or the condition (aMCI vs mild AD) of the latter, there was a positive relationship between the frequency/severity of NPS and caregiver emotional distress. Caregivers of persons with aMCI experienced emotional distress due to the presence of NPS in their significant others at a level that is generally similar to that experienced by caregivers of persons with mild AD. This study highlights the need for interventions to reduce emotional burden by helping caregivers manage NPS in care recipients.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Insomnie et fatigue à la suite d'un traumatisme cranio-cérébral
    (2005) Ouellet, Marie-Christine; Morin, Charles M.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Fatigue in the first year after traumatic brain injury : course, relationship with injury severity, and correlates
    (Lawrence Erlbaum, 2016-04-01) Ouellet, Marie-Christine; Beaulieu-Bonneau, Simon.
    The objectives of this study were to document the evolution of fatigue in the first year after traumatic brain injury (TBI), and to explore correlates of fatigue. Participants were 210 adults who were hospitalised following a TBI. They completed questionnaires 4, 8, and 12 months post-injury, including the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI). Participants with severe TBI presented greater mental and physical fatigue, and reduced activity compared to participants with moderate TBI. For all MFI subscales except reduced motivation, the general pattern was a reduction of fatigue levels over time after mild TBI, an increase of fatigue after severe TBI, and stable fatigue after moderate TBI. Fatigue was significantly associated with depression, insomnia, cognitive difficulties, and pain at 4 months; the same variables and work status at 8 months; and depression, insomnia, cognitive difficulties, and work status at 12 months. These findings suggest that injury severity could have an impact on the course of fatigue in the first year post-TBI. Depression, insomnia, and cognitive difficulties remain strong correlates of fatigue, while for pain and work status the association with fatigue evolves over time. This could influence the development of intervention strategies for fatigue, implemented at specific times for each severity subgroup.
  • PublicationRestreint
    Le traitement cognitif-comportemental de l'insomnie en contexte de comorbidité / Cognitive-behavior therapy for comorbid insomnia
    (Montréal Université du Québec à Montréal, 2010-01-01) Morin, Charles M.; Ouellet, Marie-Christine; Bélanger, Lynda; Savard, Josée
    Les difficultés de sommeil sont particulièrement fréquentes chez les personnes consultant en psychothérapie. L’insomnie peut constituer la plainte principale mais, plus fréquemment, elle se présente associée avec un autre trouble. Cet article présente des notions essentielles au traitement de l’insomnie comorbide. Nous en décrivons les principales manifestations en contexte de comorbidité avec les troubles de l’humeur et d’anxiété, le cancer, la douleur chronique et le traumatisme crânio-cérébral, et discutons du défi que cela pose pour le diagnostic différentiel. Données probantes à l’appui, nous passons en revue l’efficacité de la thérapie cognitive-comportementale de l’insomnie et discutons des adaptations nécessaires en contexte de comorbidité.