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Lachance, Dominic.

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Lachance

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Dominic.

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Département de Médecine expérimentale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval

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Voici les éléments 1 - 8 sur 8
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Effects of spironolactone treatment on an experimental model of chronic aortic valve regurgitation
    (ICR, 2012-07-01) Lachance, Dominic.; Roussel, Élise; Couët, Jacques; Zendaoui, Adnane; Arsenault, Marie
    BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY : Aortic regurgitation (AR) is a disease for which there is currently no effective medical treatment. It has been shown previously in an experimental model of AR that the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a major role, and that medications blocking the RAAS are effective to protect against left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and also help to maintain a normal systolic function. The role of aldosterone receptor blockers in this disease has never been evaluated. Thus, the effects were studied of the aldosterone receptor blocking agent spironolactone in a model of chronic AR in rats. METHODS : The effects of a six-month treatment with spironolactone were evaluated in adult Wistar rats with severe AR, compared to sham-operated and untreated AR animals. RESULTS : Spironolactone treatment decreased the total heart weight. In addition, the LV expression of atrial natriuretic peptide mRNA was decreased by spironolactone treatment, as was the expression of collagen 1 and LOX1 mRNAs. Left ventricular fibrosis was decreased by spironolactone treatment. CONCLUSION : Spironolactone protected against volume-overload cardiomyopathy in this model of aortic valve regurgitation. The predominant protective effect was a decrease in myocardial fibrosis.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Moderate exercise training improves survival and ventricular remodeling in an animal model of left ventricular volume overload.
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2009-09-15) Lachance, Dominic.; Roussel, Élise; Couët, Jacques; Champetier, Serge.; Drolet, Marie-Claude.; Plante, Éric; Arsenault, Marie
    BACKGROUND: Exercise training has beneficial effects in patients with heart failure, although there is still no clear evidence that it may impact on their survival. There are no data regarding the effects of exercise in subjects with chronic left ventricular (LV) volume overload. Using a rat model of severe aortic valve regurgitation (AR), we studied the effects of long-term exercise training on survival, development of heart failure, and LV myocardial remodeling. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred sixty male adult rats were divided in 3 groups: sham sedentary (n=40), AR sedentary (n=80), and AR trained (n=40). Training consisted in treadmill running for up to 30 minutes, 5 times per week for 9 months, at a maximal speed of 20 m/minute. All sham-operated animals survived the entire course of the protocol. After 9 months, 65% of trained animals were alive compared with 46% of sedentary ones (P=0.05). Ejection fractions remained in the normal range (all above 60%) and LV masses between AR groups were similar. There was significantly less LV fibrosis in the trained group and lower LV filling pressures and improved echocardiographic diastolic parameters. Heart rate variability was also improved by exercise. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that moderate endurance training is safe, does not increase the rate of developing heart failure, and most importantly, improves survival in this animal model of chronic LV volume overload. Exercise improved LV diastolic function, heart rate variability, and reduced myocardial fibrosis.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Effects of exercise in volume overload : insights from a model of aortic regurgitation
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2009-06-01) Lachance, Dominic.; Roussel, Élise; Couët, Jacques; Bouchard Thomassin, Andrée-Anne; Champetier, Serge.; Plante, Éric; Arsenault, Marie
    Background : Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) imposes a pathologic volume overload to the left ventricle (LV), whereas aerobic exercise causes physiologic volume overloading. The impact of combining both LV volume overloads (pathologic and physiologic) is unknown. Considering the known beneficial effects of aerobic training on the cardiovascular system, we hypothesized that the positive effects would outweigh the negative ones and that exercise would improve the tolerance of the LV to AR. Methods : Forty female adult Wistar rats were randomly divided in the following groups: 1) sham sedentary (SS), 2) sham trained (ST), 3) AR sedentary (ARS), and 4) AR trained (ART). Training consisted in treadmill running for 30 min five times per week at 20 m·s−1 for 24wk. In vivo follow-up was made by echocardiography and invasive intracardiac pressure measurements. Hearts were harvested for tissue analysis. Results : Echocardiography revealed less LV dilation and hypertrophy in ART versus ARS as well as improved myocardial performance index. LV ejection fractions remained similar and within normal range in ART versus ARS. Invasive cardiac pressures yielded improved dP/dt− in ART versus ARS but similar dP/dt+. β1-Adrenergic receptor mRNA expression was improved in the ART group versus ARS. Conclusion : Our data suggest that a moderate aerobic exercise program helps minimize LV dilation and hypertrophy and improves diastolic cardiac performance in heart submitted to chronic volume overload due to severe aortic valve regurgitation in this animal model.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Early left ventricular remodeling in acute severe aortic regurgitation : insights from an animal model.
    (Hertfordshire : ICR, 2008-05-03) Lachance, Dominic.; Roussel, Élise; Couët, Jacques; Drolet, Marie-Claude.; Plante, Éric; Arsenault, Marie
    BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: Chronic aortic regurgitation (AR) induces left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and eventually LV dysfunction. While the effects of chronic AR on the left ventricle are well known, the effects of acute AR have not been adequately evaluated. It was hypothesized that the LV tissues would be rapidly remodeled by acute AR, and that the renin-angiotensin system would be involved in that acute remodeling. METHOD: The early LV adaptations to acute AR were evaluated serially over a period of 14 days, using a rat model. Adaptations were evaluated in vivo by echocardiography, and in vitro on explanted heart tissue after one, two, or 14 days. RESULTS: After 14 days, the left ventricle of AR rats was already significantly hypertrophied and dilated (end-diastolic diameter +16% (p <0.05) versus sham; LV mass +16% (p <0.01) versus sham). A short and transient increase in fractional shortening was observed during the first 48 h after AR induction. The cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area and perivascular fibrosis were significantly increased after 14 days of AR. The number of fibronectin-positive cells in LV sections rapidly increased, as did the fibronectin protein and mRNA content of LV crude homogenates. The expression of pro-matrix metalloproteinase 2 was clearly abnormal after two days. Significant shifts in the expression of angiotensin II receptors were also detected as early as one 1 day. CONCLUSION: Significant macroscopic and microscopic abnormalities were present in the left ventricle of rats with acute AR, soon after its induction. Considerable hypertrophy, perivascular fibrosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling were present after only 14 days. These results suggest that, in AR, the myocytes and ECM are affected significantly at a very early stage of the disease.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Usefulness of carvedilol in the treatment of chronic aortic valve regurgitation
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2011-03-15) Lachance, Dominic.; Roussel, Élise; Couët, Jacques; Zendaoui, Adnane; Arsenault, Marie
    Background — Aortic regurgitation (AR) is a chronic disease for which there is currently no approved medical treatment. We previously reported in an animal model that β-blockade with metoprolol exerted beneficial effects on left ventricular remodeling and survival. Despite the recent publication of promising human data, β-blockade in chronic AR remains controversial. More data are needed to support this potentially new treatment strategy. We hypothesized that carvedilol might be another safe treatment option in chronic AR, considering its combined β-blocking and α-blocking effects and proven efficacy in patients with established heart failure. Methods and Results — The effects of a 6-month treatment with carvedilol 30 mg/kg/d orally were evaluated in adult Wistar rats with severe AR. Sham-operated and untreated AR animals were used as controls. Carvedilol treatment resulted in less left ventricular hypertrophy and dilatation. Ejection fraction was improved and filling pressures were reduced by carvedilol. β1-Receptor expression was also improved as well as myocardial capillary density. Those beneficial effects were noted despite the presence of drug-induced bradycardia. Conclusions — Carvedilol exerted protective effects against volume-overload cardiomyopathy in this model of aortic valve regurgitation with preserved ejection fraction. These results suggest a protective class effect of β-blockers. Combined with the recent publication of promising human data, our findings support the need to carefully design a prospective study in humans to evaluate the effects of β-blockers in chronic aortic valve regurgitation.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    A high fructose diet worsens eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy in experimental volume overload
    (American Physiological Society, 2010-10-22) Lachance, Dominic.; Couët, Jacques; Bouchard Thomassin, Andrée-Anne; Drolet, Marie-Claude.; Arsenault, Marie
    The development of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (LVH) can be affected by diet manipulation. Concentric LVH resulting from pressure overload can be worsened by feeding rats with a high-fructose diet. Eccentric LVH is a different type of hypertrophy and is associated with volume overload (VO) diseases. The impact of an abnormal diet on the development of eccentric LVH and on ventricular function in chronic VO is unknown. This study therefore examined the effects of a fructose-rich diet on LV eccentric hypertrophy, ventricular function, and myocardial metabolic enzymes in rats with chronic VO caused by severe aortic valve regurgitation (AR). Wistar rats were divided in four groups: sham-operated on control diet (SC; n = 13) or fructose-rich diet (SF; n = 13) and severe aortic regurgitation fed with the same diets [aortic regurgitation on control diet (ARC), n = 16, and aortic regurgitation on fructose-rich diet (ARF), n = 13]. Fructose-rich diet was started 1 wk before surgery, and the animals were euthanized 9 wk later. SF and ARF had high circulating triglycerides. ARC and ARF developed significant LV eccentric hypertrophy after 8 wk as expected. However, ARF developed more LVH than ARC. LV ejection fraction was slightly lower in the ARF compared with ARC. The increased LVH and decreased ejection fraction could not be explained by differences in hemodynamic load. SF, ARC, and ARF had lower phosphorylation levels of the AMP kinase compared with SC. A fructose-rich diet worsened LV eccentric hypertrophy and decreased LV function in a model of chronic VO caused by AR in rats. Normal animals fed the same diet did not develop these abnormalities. Hypertriglyceridemia may play a central role in this phenomenon as well as AMP kinase activity.
  • PublicationRestreint
    Early development of calcific aortic valve disease and left ventricular hypertrophy in a mouse model of combined dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    (American Heart Association, 2014-08-14) Lachance, Dominic.; Bouchareb, Rihab; Kohen Avramoglu, Rita; Fournier, Dominique; Marette, André; Boulanger, Marie-Chloé; Le Quang, Khai; El Husseini, Diala; Fang, Xiang Ping; Pibarot, Philippe; Deshaies, Yves; Sweeney, Gary; Mathieu, Patrick; Laplante, Marc André
    Objective—This study aimed to determine the potential impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on left ventricular dysfunction and the development of calcified aortic valve disease using a dyslipidemic mouse model prone to developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Approach and Results—When compared with nondiabetic LDLr-/-/ApoB100/100, diabetic LDLr-/-/ApoB100/100/IGF-II mice exhibited similar dyslipidemia and obesity but developed type 2 diabetes mellitus when fed a high-fat/sucrose/cholesterol diet for 6 months. LDLr-/-/ApoB100/100/IGF-II mice showed left ventricular hypertrophy versus C57BL6 but not LDLr-/-/ ApoB100/100 mice. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed significant reductions in both left ventricular systolic fractional shortening and diastolic function in high-fat/sucrose/cholesterol fed LDLr-/-/ApoB100/100/IGF-II mice when compared with LDLr-/-/ApoB100/100. Importantly, we found that peak aortic jet velocity was significantly increased in LDLr-/-/ApoB100/100/ IGF-II mice versus LDLr-/-/ApoB100/100 animals on the high-fat/sucrose/cholesterol diet. Microtomography scans and Alizarin red staining indicated calcification in the aortic valves, whereas electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy further revealed mineralization of the aortic leaflets and the presence of inflammatory infiltrates in diabetic mice. Studies showed upregulation of hypertrophic genes (anp, bnp, b-mhc) in myocardial tissues and of osteogenic genes (spp1, bglap, runx2) in aortic tissues of diabetic mice. Conclusions—We have established the diabetes mellitus –prone LDLr-/-/ApoB100/100/IGF-II mouse as a new model of calcified aortic valve disease. Our results are consistent with the growing body of clinical evidence that the dysmetabolic state of type 2 diabetes mellitus contributes to early mineralization of the aortic valve and calcified aortic valve disease pathogenesis.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Gene profiling of left ventricle eccentric hypertrophy in aortic regurgitation in rats : rationale for targeting the β-adrenergic and renin-angiotensin systems
    (American Physiological Society, 2009-03-01) Lachance, Dominic.; Roussel, Élise; Couët, Jacques; Bojmehrani, Azadeh; Beaudoin, Jonathan; Champetier, Serge.; Plante, Éric; Arsenault, Marie
    Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) imposes a severe volume overload to the left ventricle (LV), which results in dilation, eccentric hypertrophy, and eventually loss of function. Little is known about the impact of AR on LV gene expression. We, therefore, conducted a gene expression profiling study in the LV of rats with acute and severe AR. We identified 64 genes that were specifically upregulated and 29 that were downregulated out of 21,910 genes after 2 wk. Of the upregulated genes, a good proportion was related to the extracellular matrix. We subsequently studied a subset of 19 genes by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) to see if the modulation seen in the LV after 2 wk persisted in the chronic phase (after 6 and 12 mo) and found that it did persist. Knowing that the adrenergic and renin-angiotensin systems are overactivated in our animal model, we were interested to see if blocking those systems using metoprolol (25 mg·kg−1·day−1) and captopril (100 mg·kg−1·day−1) would alter the expression of some upregulated LV genes in AR rats after 6 mo. By qRT-PCR, we observed that upregulations of LV mRNA levels encoding for procollagens type I and III, fibronectin, atrial natriuretic peptide, transforming growth factor-β2, and connective tissue growth factor were totally or partially reversed by this treatment. These observations provide a molecular rationale for a medical strategy aiming these systems in the medical treatment of AR and expand the paradigm in the study of this form of LV volume overload.