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Personne :
Lemire, Mélanie

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Lemire

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Mélanie

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Université Laval. Département de médecine sociale et préventive

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ncf10883432

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  • PublicationAccès libre
    MercuNorth - monitoring mercury in pregnant women from the Arctic as a baseline to assess the effectivness of the Minamata Convention
    (Oulu : International Association of Circumpolar Health Publishers, 2021-06-03) Adlard, Bryan; Lemire, Mélanie; Bonefeld-Jørgensen, Eva C.; Long, Manhai; Ólafsdóttir, Kristín; Odland, Jon Øyvind; Rautio, Arja; Myllynen, Päivi; Sandanger, Torkjel M.; Dudarev, Alexey A.; Bergdahl, Ingvar A.; Berner, Jim; Ayotte, Pierre
    Exposure to mercury (Hg) is a global concern, particularly among Arctic populations that rely on the consumption of marine mammals and fish which are the main route of Hg exposure for Arctic populations.The MercuNorth project was created to establish baseline Hg levels across several Arctic regions during the period preceding the Minamata Convention. Blood samples were collected from 669 pregnant women, aged 18–44 years, between 2010 and 2016 from sites across the circumpolar Arctic including Alaska (USA), Nunavik (Canada), Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Northern Lapland (Finland) and Murmansk Oblast (Russia). Descriptive statistics were calculated, multiple pairwise comparisons were made between regions, and unadjusted linear trend analyses were performed.Geometric mean concentrations of total Hg were highest in Nunavik (5.20 µg/L) and Greenland (3.79 µg/L), followed by Alaska (2.13 µg/L), with much lower concentrations observed in the other regions (ranged between 0.48 and 1.29 µg/L). In Nunavik, Alaska and Greenland, blood Hg concentrations have decreased significantly since 1992, 2000 and 2010 respectively with % annual decreases of 4.7%, 7.5% and 2.7%, respectively.These circumpolar data combined with fish and marine mammal consumption data can be used for assessing long-term Hg trends and the effectiveness of the Minamata Convention.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Towards a better understanding of the benefits and risks of country food consumption using the case of walruses in Nunavik (Northern Quebec, Canada)
    (Elsevier BV, 2020-02-13) Martinez-Levasseur, Laura M.; Lemire, Mélanie; Avard, Ellen; Furgal, C. (Chris); Simard, Manon; Burness, Gary P.; Bertrand, Philip; Suppa, Sandy
    Food insecurity affects Inuit communities. One solution is to consume locally harvested foods, named country foods. However, some country foods are not eaten as often as before, and pressures including contaminants and environmental changes threaten the health of Arctic fauna, thus its suitability for local consumption. By combining Inuit Knowledge with laboratory data, our study assessed the benefits and risks of walrus consumption by Inuit in Nunavik, Québec, Canada. It aimed to increase understanding of: 1) the hunt of healthy Atlantic walruses (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus); 2) the safe preparation of walruses; 3) the nutritional benefits and risks of consuming walruses. To do so, we interviewed 34 hunters and Elders from Nunavik. Levels of mercury, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and selenium were evaluated from locally harvested walruses. Through the Nunavik Trichinellosis Prevention Program, a total of 755 Atlantic walrus samples, collected between 1994 and 2013, were tested for Trichinella nativa. Information on botulism was reviewed. While interviews informed on how to select healthy walruses and prepare them for consumption, laboratory analyses revealed that walruses had elevated levels of omega-3 fatty acids and selenium but low levels of mercury compared to some other wildlife. Only 3% of the 755 walruses were infected with T. nativa. Most walruses' infections were found within individuals from the South East Hudson Bay stock, where Inuit have thus decided to stop hunting since mid-2000s. Finally, although the number of outbreaks of trichinellosis related to the consumption of walruses has significantly reduced in Nunavik, botulism could continue to be an issue when igunaq (i.e. aged walrus) is not properly prepared. With the support of the Nunavik Trichinellosis Prevention Program and transmission of Inuit knowledge on igunaq preparation, the consumption of Atlantic walruses has the potential to help address issues related to food insecurity in Nunavik in the future.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Green Edge ice camp campaigns : understanding the processes controlling the under-ice Arctic phytoplankton spring bloom
    (Göttingen Copernicus Publications, 2020-01-27) Massicotte, Philippe; Amiraux, Rémi; Amyot, Marie-Pier; Archambault, Philippe; Aubry, Cyril; Ayotte, Pierre; Bécu, Guislain; Bélanger, Simon; Bruyant, Flavienne; Christiansen-Stowe, Debra; Coupel, Pierre; Dezutter, Thibaud; Dominé, Florent; Dufour, Francis; Dufresne, Christiane; Dumont, Dany; Ferland, Joannie; Forget, Marie-Hélène; Fortier, Louis; Galí, Martí; Galindo, Virginie; Gourdal, Margaux; Grondin, Pierre-Luc; Guillot, Pascal; Guilmette, Caroline; Lacour, Léo; Lagunas, José Luis; Lalande, Catherine; Laliberté, Julien; Lambert Girard, Simon; Larivière, Jade; Lavaud, Johann; LeBaron, Anita; Lemire, Mélanie; Levasseur, Maurice; Marec, Claudie; Massé, Guillaume; Matsuoka, Atsushi; Neukermans, Griet; Oziel, Laurent; Rehm, Eric Carl; Reimer, Erin; Saint-Béat, Blanche; Sansoulet, Julie; Tremblay, Jean-Éric; Verin, Gauthier; Babin, Marcel
    The Green Edge initiative was developed to investigate the processes controlling the primary productivity and fate of organic matter produced during the Arctic phytoplankton spring bloom (PSB) and to determine its role in the ecosystem. Two field campaigns were conducted in 2015 and 2016 at an ice camp located on landfast sea ice southeast of Qikiqtarjuaq Island in Baffin Bay (67.4797∘ N, 63.7895∘ W). During both expeditions, a large suite of physical, chemical and biological variables was measured beneath a consolidated sea-ice cover from the surface to the bottom (at 360 m depth) to better understand the factors driving the PSB. Key variables, such as conservative temperature, absolute salinity, radiance, irradiance, nutrient concentrations, chlorophyll a concentration, bacteria, phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance and taxonomy, and carbon stocks and fluxes were routinely measured at the ice camp. Meteorological and snow-relevant variables were also monitored. Here, we present the results of a joint effort to tidy and standardize the collected datasets, which will facilitate their reuse in other Arctic studies.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Non-persistent exposures from plasticizers or plastic constituents in remote Arctic communities : a case for further research
    (New York NY: Nature Pub. Group, 2022-03-28) Aker, Amira; Caron-Beaudoin, Élyse; Ayotte, Pierre; Ricard, Sylvie; Gilbert, Véronique; Avard, Ellen; Lemire, Mélanie
    BACKGROUND: Persistent organic pollutant exposures are well-documented in the Arctic, but fewer studies examined non-persistent chemicals, despite increased market food and consumer product consumption. OBJECTIVE: To measure phenol, paraben, phthalate, and alternative plasticizer concentrations in Inuit adults. METHODS: The study included 30 pooled urine samples from Qanuilirpitaa? 2017 Nunavik Inuit Health Survey (Q2017) participants. Creatinine-adjusted geometric mean concentrations (GM) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were compared across sex, age, and regions, and compared to those in the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) and the First Nations Biomonitoring Initiative (FNBI). RESULTS: Q2017 bisphenol-A concentrations were double the CHMS 2018–2019 concentrations [GM (95% CI): 1.98 (1.69–2.31) versus 0.71 (0.60–0.84) µg/g creatinine], but in line with FNBI [1.74 (1.41–2.13) µg/g creatinine]. Several phthalate concentrations were higher in Q2017 versus CHMS, particularly monobenzyl phthalate, which was was 19-fold higher in Q2017 versus CHMS 2018–2019 [45.26 (39.35–52.06) versus 2.4 (2.0–2.9) µg/g creatinine] and four-fold higher than FNBI. There were also four-fold higher concentrations of the two alternate plasticizer 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate (TIXB) metabolites in Q2017 compared to CHMS 2018–2019. Women and people living in Ungava Bay had generally higher concentrations of non-persistent chemicals. SIGNIFICANCE: The results suggest higher concentrations of certain non-persistent chemicals in Inuit versus the general Canadian population. IMPACT: Few studies have explored non-persistent chemical distributions in Northern communities, despite the increasing consumer product and market food consumption. We analyzed 30 pooled samples from the Qanuilirpitaa? Nunavik Inuit Health Survey 2017 to assess exposures to common plasticizes and plastic constituents and compare their levels with the general Canadian population and First Nation groups. We observed particularly higher levels of bisphenol-A, of monobenzyl phthalate, and of two 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate (TXIB) metabolites among Nunavimmiut compared to the general Canadian population, notably among women and Ungava Bay residents. Larger studies are required to confirm our findings and identify potential adverse health effects from these exposures.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Associations between dietary profiles and perfluoroalkyl acids in Inuit youth and adults
    (Elsevier, 2022-10-22) Aker, Amira; Ayotte, Pierre; Caron-Beaudoin, Élyse; De Silva, Amila; Ricard, Sylvie; Lemire, Mélanie
    Background: Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), a subset of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), are synthetic chemicals used in industrial and consumer applications. They are exceptionally stable and highly mobile in the environment, and were detected in high concentrations in Arctic wildlife and Nunavik Inuit. The study's objective was to study the association between dietary profiles in Nunavik and plasma PFAAs concentrations. Methods: The study used data from the Qanuilirpitaa? 2017 Nunavik Inuit Health Survey (Q2017) (N = 1172) on Inuit adults aged 16-80 years. Nine PFAAs congeners were measured in plasma samples (six were detected). Dietary profiles were identified using latent profile analysis. Two sets of dietary profiles were included; the first included market (store-bought) and country foods (harvested/hunted from the land), and the second included only country foods. Multiple linear regression models regressed log-transformed PFAAs concentrations against the dietary profiles, adjusting for sociodemographic variables. Results: We identified statistically significant 24.54-57.55 % increases in all PFAAs congeners (PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, PFUnDA, PFHxS, and PFOS) in the dietary profile defined by frequent country food consumption compared to the dietary profile defined by frequent market food consumption. Individuals defined by low consumption of foods (related to food insecurity) had higher concentrations of six PFAAs compared to individuals with frequent market food consumption. The associations were stronger with profiles defined by more frequent country food consumption, and particularly those with increased marine mammal consumption. PFDA, PFUnDA, and PFOS were particularly associated with high country food consumption frequency, such that their concentrations increased by approximately 67-83 % compared to those reporting no or very little consumption of any country foods. Conclusions: Increased country food consumption was strongly associated with higher PFAAs concentrations, particularly PFOS, PFDA, and PFUnDA. The results provide further evidence that the quality of country foods is being threatened by PFAAs contamination. Additional national and international regulations are required to protect the Arctic and its inhabitants from these pollutants.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    État des connaissances sur les nutriments et les contaminants biologiques et chimiques pouvant être présents dans les moules bleues de l'estuaire du Saint-Laurent ainsi que leurs effets potentiels sur la santé humaine
    (Ottawa : Ministère des pêches et des océans, 2021) Lefebvre, Marie-Claude; Archambault, Philippe; Lemire, Mélanie
    Les moules bleues sont parfois abondantes sur les rives de l’esturaire du Saint-Laurent et de nombreux résidents du Québec aimeraient pouvoir les cueillir pour les consommer. Cependant, la pêche récréative est interdite dans plusieurs secteurs pour des raisons de salubrité, de toxicitié et/ou d’enjeux de conservation de la ressource. En effet, puisque les moules bleues sont des organismes filtreurs, elles peuvent parfois accumuler des contaminants biologiques et chimiques dans leur chair et leur consommation peut ainsi représenter un enjeu de santé publique. Une revue de la documentation scientifique a été réalisée pour déterminer quels sont les bénéfices et les risques associés à la consommation de moules bleues du Saint-Laurent dans le but de vérifier si une zone de cueillette pourrait être rouverte. Les résultats démontrent que les moules bleues sont nutritives et font partie d’une alimentation saine. Au Québec, les contaminants actuellement surveillés sont les coliformes fécaux dans l’eau et les biotoxines dans la chair des moules bleues qui sont responsables de l’intoxication paralysante, amnésiante et diarrhéique par les mollusques. D’autres contaminants chimiques pourraient être présents dans les moules, mais à ce jour ils ne font pas partie des programmes de surveillance.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Perfluoroalkyl acid and bisphenol-A exposure via food sources in four First Nation communities in Quebec, Canada
    (London : CAB International, 2022-03-11) Dubeau, Claudelle; Aker, Amira; Caron-Beaudoin, Élyse; Ayotte, Pierre; Blanchette, Caty; Gros-Louis McHugh, Nancy; Lemire, Mélanie
    Objective: To document perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAA) and bisphenol-A (BPA) exposure in four First Nation communities in northern Quebec compared with the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS Cycle 5 2016–2017) and examine the associations between dietary consumption and chemical exposure. Design: We used cross-sectional data from the JES-YEH! project conducted in collaboration with four First Nation communities in 2015. A FFQ collected information on diet, and PFAA and BPA were measured in biological samples. We used generalised linear models to test the associations between food intake and chemical biomarkers. Setting: Northern Quebec. Participants: Youth aged 3–19 years (n 198). Results: Mean perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) levels were significantly higher in JES-YEH! than CHMS, and BPA levels were higher among those aged 12–19 years compared with CHMS. Dairy products were associated with PFNA among Anishinabe and Innu participants (geometric mean ratio 95 % CI: 1·53 (95 % CI 1·03, 2·29) and 1·52 (95 % CI 1·05, 2·20), respectively). PFNA was also associated with ultra-processed foods (1·57 (95 % CI 1·07, 2·31)) among Anishinabe, and with wild fish and berries (1·44 (95 % CI 1·07, 1·94); 1·75 (95 % CI 1·30, 2·36)) among Innu. BPA was associated with cheese (1·72 (95 % CI 1·19, 2·50)) and milk (1·53 (95 % CI 1·02, 2·29)) among Anishinabe, and with desserts (1·71 (95 % CI 1·07, 2·74)), processed meats (1·55 (95 % CI 1·00, 2·38)), wild fish (1·64 (95 % CI 1·07, 2·49)) and wild berries (2·06 (95 % CI 1·37, 3·10)) among Innu. Conclusions: These results highlight the importance of better documenting food-processing and packaging methods, particularly for dairy products, and their contribution to endocrine disruptors exposures as well as to promote minimally processed and unpackaged foods to provide healthier food environments for youth in Indigenous communities and beyond.
  • PublicationRestreint
    Ecosystem approaches to the risk for schizophrenia
    (Elsevier, 2020-06-16) Paquin, Vincent; Lemire, Mélanie; King, Suzanne
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Toward food sovereignty for coastal communities of eastern Québec : co-designing a website to support consumption of edible resources from the St. Lawrence River, Estuary, and Gulf
    (Thousand Oaks CA: SAGE Publications, 2022-04-23) Fallon, Catherine S.; Lemire, Mélanie; Dumont, Dany; Parent, Elizabeth; Figueroa Palacios, Esteban Francisco; Cummings, Isabelle; Brousseau, Julie; Marquis, Marie; Paquet, Nicolas; Plante, Steve; Witteman, Holly
    Background. Despite the abundance and proximity of edible marine resources, coastal communities along the St. Lawrence in Eastern Québec rarely consume these resources. Within a community-based food sovereignty project, Manger notre Saint-Laurent (‘‘Sustenance from our St. Lawrence''), members of participating communities (3 nonIndigenous, 1 Indigenous) identified a need for a web-based decision tool to help make informed consumption choices. Methods. We thus aimed to co-design a prototype website that facilitates informed choices about consuming local edible marine resources based on seasonal and regional availability, food safety, nutrition, and sustainability, with community members, regional stakeholders, and experts in user experience design and web development. We conducted 48 interviews with a variety of people over 3 iterative cycles, assessing the prototype's ease of use with a validated measure, the System Usability Scale. Results. Community members, regional stakeholders, and other experts identified problematic elements in initial versions of the website (e.g., confusing symbols). We resolved issues and added features people identified as useful. Usability scores reached ‘‘best imaginable'' for both the second and the third versions and did not differ significantly between sociodemographic groups. The final prototype includes a tool to explore each species and index cards to regroup accurate evidence relevant to each species. Conclusions. Engaging co-designers with different sociodemographic characteristics brought together a variety of perspectives. Several components would not have been included without co-designers' input; other components were greatly improved thanks to their feedback. Co-design approaches in research and intervention development are preferable to foster the inclusion of a variety of people. Once the prototype is programmed and available online, we hope to evaluate the website to determine its effects on food choices.
  • PublicationRestreint
    The unique contribution of a local response group in the field investigation and management of a trichinellosis outbreak in Nunavik (Québec, Canada)
    (Canadian Public Health Association, 2019-10-21) Lemire, Mélanie; Proulx, Jean-François; Lévesque, Benoît; Simard, Manon; Iqaluk, Martha; Ducrocq, Julie; Elijassiapik, Lisa; Ningiuk, Etok; Perkins, Pamela
    Setting : Consumption of raw game meats is important for Inuit health and well-being but may sometimes increase risk of exposure to parasites. In Nunavik, following trichinellosis outbreaks in the 1980s caused by raw walrus consumption, a diagnostic test was developed for the region and offered to all Inuit communities by 1997. Despite this prevention program, an important trichinellosis outbreak occurred in 2013, affecting 18 inhabitants of Inukjuak. Intervention : Because the classical outbreak investigation did not rapidly converge toward a common food source or specific event, a local response group, composed of four community members appointed by the Municipal Council as well as the regional public health physician, nurse and wildlife parasitologist, was created. Their objective was to investigate potential sources of infection related to the outbreak, hence the investigation of the types of meats consumed, the movement of meats between and within the community, and the local practices of processing game meat. Outcomes : Though the source of infection was not fully confirmed, this local investigation identified the distribution of transformed polar bear meat as the most probable source of infection. The creation of this unique, intersectoral and intercultural local response group fostered the use of local knowledge to better understand aspects of the modern food system, and is one of the most innovative outcomes of this investigation. Implications : Integrating multiple ways of knowing was critical for the management of this important public health issue and contributed to community members’ mobilization and empowerment with respect to local food safety issues.