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Personne :
Lemire, Mélanie

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Lemire

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Mélanie

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Université Laval. Département de médecine sociale et préventive

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ncf10883432

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  • PublicationRestreint
    The unique contribution of a local response group in the field investigation and management of a trichinellosis outbreak in Nunavik (Québec, Canada)
    (Canadian Public Health Association, 2019-10-21) Lemire, Mélanie; Proulx, Jean-François; Lévesque, Benoît; Simard, Manon; Iqaluk, Martha; Ducrocq, Julie; Elijassiapik, Lisa; Ningiuk, Etok; Perkins, Pamela
    Setting : Consumption of raw game meats is important for Inuit health and well-being but may sometimes increase risk of exposure to parasites. In Nunavik, following trichinellosis outbreaks in the 1980s caused by raw walrus consumption, a diagnostic test was developed for the region and offered to all Inuit communities by 1997. Despite this prevention program, an important trichinellosis outbreak occurred in 2013, affecting 18 inhabitants of Inukjuak. Intervention : Because the classical outbreak investigation did not rapidly converge toward a common food source or specific event, a local response group, composed of four community members appointed by the Municipal Council as well as the regional public health physician, nurse and wildlife parasitologist, was created. Their objective was to investigate potential sources of infection related to the outbreak, hence the investigation of the types of meats consumed, the movement of meats between and within the community, and the local practices of processing game meat. Outcomes : Though the source of infection was not fully confirmed, this local investigation identified the distribution of transformed polar bear meat as the most probable source of infection. The creation of this unique, intersectoral and intercultural local response group fostered the use of local knowledge to better understand aspects of the modern food system, and is one of the most innovative outcomes of this investigation. Implications : Integrating multiple ways of knowing was critical for the management of this important public health issue and contributed to community members’ mobilization and empowerment with respect to local food safety issues.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Determinants of selenoneine concentration in red blood cells of Inuit from Nunavik (Northern Québec, Canada)
    (Elsevier Inc., 2019-03-28) Lemire, Mélanie; Little, Matthew; Achouba, Adel; Ayotte, Pierre; Dumas, Marie-Pierre; Ouellet, Nathalie
    Selenium (Se) is a trace mineral essential to human health, and is especially abundant in marine foods consumed by Inuit populations in Nunavik (northern Quebec, Canada), leading to exceptionally high whole blood Se levels. While most epidemiological studies to date examine plasma or whole blood Se, little is known about the health implications of specific Se biomarkers (e.g. selenoproteins and small Se compounds). Selenoneine, a novel Se compound, is found in high concentrations in marine foods (and particularly beluga mattaaq) and the red blood cells (RBCs) of populations that consume them. We report here RBC selenoneine concentrations in a population of Inuit adults (n = 885) who participated in the Qanuippitaa? 2004 survey. Simple associations between RBC selenoneine and other Se and mercury (Hg) biomarkers were assessed using Spearman correlations and linear regressions. Wilcoxon ranksum tests were used to examine differences in biomarkers and characteristics between tertiles of RBC selenoneine concentration. A multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine factors (sociodemographic, lifestyle, and dietary) associated with RBC selenoneine concentrations. Selenoneine comprised a large proportion of whole blood Se and RBC Se in this population. Age and sex-adjusted geometric mean RBC selenoneine concentration was 118 μg/L (range: 1-3226 μg/L) and was much higher (p = 0.001) among women (150.3 μg/L) than men (87.6 μg/L) across all regions of Nunavik after controlling for age, region, and diet. RBC selenoneine was highly correlated with RBC Se (rs = 0.96, p < 0.001) and whole blood Se (rs = 0.89, p < 0.001), but only weakly correlated with plasma Se (rs = 0.13, p < 0.001). Overall, increasing age (standardized β = 0.24), higher body-mass index (BMI; β = 0.08), female sex (β = 0.10), living in a Hudson Strait community (compared to Hudson Bay and Ungava Bay; β = 0.38), and consuming beluga mattaaq (g/day; β = 0.19) were positively associated with RBC selenoneine. Meanwhile, consumption of market meats (g/day; β = -0.07) was negatively associated with RBC selenoneine. RBC selenoneine is an important biomarker of Se dietary intake from local marine foods in Inuit populations. Further studies are needed to examine the health effects of selenoneine intake and the underlying mechanisms for sex differences among Inuit populations.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Selenoneine is a major selenium species in beluga skin and red blood cells of Inuit from Nunavik
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2019-04-30) Lemire, Mélanie; Dumas, Pierre; Little, Matthew; Achouba, Adel; Ayotte, Pierre; Ouellet, Nathalie
    Nunavimmiut (Inuit of Nunavik, Northern Quebec, Canada) exhibit a high selenium (Se) status because oftheir frequent consumption of marine mammal foods. Indirect evidence from our previous studies hadsuggested that selenoneineea novel selenocompoundemay be accumulating in the blood of Nuna-vimmiut. We used a liquid-chromatography/inductively coupled tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ICP-MS/MS) method to measure concentrations of selenoneine and its methylated metabolite Se-methylselenoneine in archived red blood cells (RBC) obtained from 210 Nunavimmiut living in com-munities along the Hudson Strait, where marine mammal hunting and consumption are most frequent inNunavik. This method was adapted to quantify selenoneine and its methylated metabolite in belugamattaaq, an Inuit delicacy consisting of the skin with the underlying layer of fat and the major dietarysource of Se for Nunavimmiut. Total selenium concentration was also measured in RBC and belugamattaaq samples by isotope dilution ICP-MS/MS. The median selenoneine concentration in RBC was413mg Se/L (range¼3.20e3230mg Se/L), representing 54% (median) of total Se content (range¼1.6e91%). Quantification of selenoneine infive beluga mattaaq samples (skin layer) from Nunavik revealed amedian concentration of 1.8mg Se/g wet wt (range¼1.2e7.4mg Se/g), constituting 54% (median) of thetotal Se content (range¼44e74%). Se-methylselenoneine was also detected in Inuit RBC but not inbeluga mattaaq, suggesting that selenoneine undergoes methylation in humans. Selenoneine may protect Nunavimmiut from methylmecury toxicity by increasing its demethylation in RBC and in turndecreasing its distribution to target organs.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Local country food sources of methylmercury, selenium and omega-3 fatty acids in Nunavik, Northern Quebec
    (2014-08-15) Lemire, Mélanie; Kwan, Michael K.H.; Anassour-Laouan Sidi, Elhadji; Ayotte, Pierre; Muckle, Gina; Dewailly, Éric; Pirkle, Catherine
    Country foods are central to Inuit culture and replete in selenium (Se) and long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA). However, some marine country foods bioaccumulate high concentrations of methylmercury (MeHg). Se and n-3 are associated with several health benefits in Nunavik, Northern Quebec, but, recent studies show that prenatal MeHg exposure is associated with visual, cognitive and behavioral deficit later in childhood. The study objectives are to identify contemporary country food sources of MeHg, Se and long-chain n-3 PUFA in Nunavik, particularly among childbearing-age women, taking into account regional differences in consumption profiles. The contribution of different country foods to daily MeHg, Se, long-chain n-3 PUFA intake (μg/kg body weight/day) was estimated using: (i) country food consumption and blood biomarkers data from the 2004 Nunavik Health Survey (387 women, 315 men), and (ii) data on MeHg, Se, long-chain n-3 PUFA concentrations found in Nunavik wildlife species. In the region where most traditional beluga hunting takes place in Nunavik, the prevalence of at-risk blood Hg (≥ 8 μg/L) in childbearing-age women was 78.4%. While most country foods presently consumed contain low MeHg, beluga meat, not a staple of the Inuit diet, is the most important contributor to MeHg: up to two-thirds of MeHg intake in the beluga-hunting region (0.66 of MeHg intake) and to about one-third in other regions. In contrast, seal liver and beluga mattaaq - beluga skin and blubber - only mildly contributed to MeHg (between 0.06 and 0.15 of MeHg intake), depending on the region. Beluga mattaaq also highly contributed to Se intake (0.30 of Se intake). Arctic char, beluga blubber and mattaaq, and seal blubber contributed to most long-chain n-3 PUFA intake. This study highlights the importance of considering interconnections between local ecosystems and dietary habits to develop recommendations and interventions promoting country foods' benefits, while minimizing the risk of MeHg from beluga meat, especially for childbearing-age women.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and associations with thyroid parameters in First Nation children and youth from Quebec
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2019-04-24) Caron-Beaudoin, Élyse; Lemire, Mélanie; Anassour-Laouan Sidi, Elhadji; Ayotte, Pierre; Gros-Louis McHugh, Nancy
    BACKGROUND: Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are found in several consumer goods. Exposure to PFASs in children has been associated with alteration in thyroid hormones, which have critical roles in brain function. OBJECTIVE: In 2015, 198 children and youth (3-19 y) were recruited as part of the pilot project Jeunes, Environnement et Santé/Youth, Environment and Health (JES!-YEH!), realized in collaboration with four First Nation communities in Quebec. We aimed to evaluate serum concentrations of PFASs in relation to concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (T4) and thyroglobulin while adjusting for relevant confounders. METHODS: PFASs (PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS, PFNA), 2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE-47) thyroid parameters (TSH, free T4, and thyroglobulin) were measured in serum samples of 186 participants. Iodine, creatinine, and cotinine were measured in urine samples. Serum levels of PFASs were compared to those measured in the general Canadian population and elsewhere. Multivariate regression analyses were performed to determine associations between PFASs and TSH, free T4 and thyroglobulin. RESULTS: PFOS, PFOA and PFHxS serum concentrations were low. However, PFNA concentrations among participants aged 12 to 19 years old from Anishinabe communities were three times higher than those measured in the Canadian Health Measures Survey (2009-2011) for the same age group (Geometric Means: 3.01 μg/L and 0.71 μg/L, respectively) and were particularly higher in the Anishinabe participants aged 6 to 11 years old (GM: 9.44 μg/L). Few participants had levels of TSH, free T4, and thyroglobulin outside age-specific paediatric ranges. When adjusted for relevant covariates and other contaminants, PFNA serum concentrations were positively associated with free T4 levels (Adjusted β = 0.36; p = 0.0014), but not with TSH and thyroglobulin levels. No association was observed between the other PFAS and thyroid hormones parameters. CONCLUSION: This pilot project reveals among the highest exposure to PFNA in children reported until today, and suggests effects of PFNA as an endocrine disruptor, highlighting the importance of investigating the sources and effects of disproportionate exposure to emerging contaminants in some indigenous communities and ban all PFAS at the international scale.
  • PublicationRestreint
    Regional variation in energy storage strategies in American glass eels from Eastern Canada
    (ScienceDirect (Elsevier B.V.), 2015-06-26) Bernatchez, Louis; Audet, Céline; Lemire, Mélanie; Tremblay, Réjean
    Energy status was analyzed in glass eels captured during two early waves of arrival at the mouths of the Mersey River, Nova Scotia, Canada (MR), and Grande-Rivière-Blanche, Québec, Canada (GRB), and according to their salinity preference (freshwater, brackish, or saltwater). Glass eels captured in the GRB estuary were larger, more pigmented, and exhibited higher whole-body glycogen, phospholipid, and sterol and wax ester contents. Those from MR had a higher condition index and a higher whole-body triacylglycerol content, suggesting different patterns of storage and/or use of energy reserves. Within a river, a delay of two weeks in estuarine arrival was characterized by significantly lower energy reserves. No differences in energy storage were observed according to salinity preference. Thus, the results revealed the occurrence of different energy storage strategies according to glass eel migration distance and duration, but not according to salinity preference.
  • PublicationRestreint
    Regional variation of gene regulation associated with storage lipid metabolism in American glass eels (Anguilla rostrata)
    (Elsevier Science, 2016-02-24) Pavey, Scott; Bernatchez, Louis; Audet, Céline; Tremblay, Réjean; Côté, Caroline; Lemire, Mélanie
    Variation in gene regulation may be involved in the differences observed for life history traits within species. American eel (Anguilla rostrata) is well known to harbor distinct ecotypes within a single panmictic population. We examined the expression of genes involved in the regulation of appetite as well as lipid and glycogen among glass eels migrating to different locations on the Canadian east coast and captured at two different periods of upstream migration. Gene expression levels of three reference and five candidate genes were analyzed by real-time PCR with Taqman probes in recently captured wild glass eels. All gene transcripts were detected in glass eels. Of the five candidate genes, bile salt activated and triacylglycerol lipases were respectively 7.65 and 3.25 times more expressed in glass eels from the St. Lawrence estuary than in those from Nova Scotia, and there was no effect related to the two-week difference in capture date. These two genes explained 82.41% of the dissimilarity between the two rivers. In contrast, glycogen phosphorylase, ghrelin, and leptin receptor genes showed no significant differences in gene transcription. These results confirmed at the molecular level an observation that was recently made at the phenotypic level that glass eels from the St. Lawrence estuary have a greater capacity to use lipid reserves to sustain their metabolic needs. These observations add to the body of evidence supporting the hypothesis that regional phenotypic variation observed in American eel is determined early in life and that part of this variation is likely under genetic control.
  • PublicationAccès libre
    Twenty “must-read” research articles for primary care providers in Nunavik: scoping study and development of an information tool
    (International Association of Circumpolar Health Publishers, 2019-03-04) Lemire, Mélanie; Cauchon, Michel; Paquin, Vincent; Fortin, Gabriel; Sandy, Glenda; Fletcher, Christopher; Perrault-Sullivan, Gentiane; Ouellet, Jean
    While health needs in Nunavik are distinct, there is a scarcity of knowledge transfer intended forlocal primary care providers. We aimed to build an information tool in the form of a newsletterand a website to share with them a selection of relevant research articles. To identify sucharticles, a scoping study of Inuit health research published between 2012 and 2017 was con-ducted. Selection criteria were adapted from the framework of information mastery. After adatabase search yielding 2896 results, publications were screened for eligibility. Next, the 226eligible articles were evaluated and scored for their relevance, their methods (including commu-nity participation), their local applicability and their clinical utility. The 20 highest-scored articleswere selected for dissemination in a newsletter. They were summarised and presented in 6thematic emails: Child Development, Infectious Diseases, Traditional and Modern Medicine,Metabolism, Nutrition and Contaminants, and Inuit Perspectives. The newsletter was sent toover 190 health workers and regional stakeholders in Nunavik and was also published online.We hope that this project will foster knowledge sharing and inter-sectorial collaboration betweenresearch, public health and clinical care. Trends in Inuit health research are discussed.