Personne :
Cimon-Morin, Jérôme

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Cimon-Morin
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Jérôme
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Université Laval. Département des sciences du bois et de la forêt
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ncf11859418
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  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Consequences of delaying the conservation of ecosystem services in remote landscapes prone to natural resource exploitation
    (Springer, 2016-03-20) Cimon-Morin, Jérôme; Darveau, Marcel; Poulin, Monique
    Context : Natural resource extraction is expanding towards increasingly remote areas. Meanwhile, the sustainability of most ecosystem service (ES) supplies, which form a great part of the livelihoods, health and economy of inhabitants in remote regions, is threatened by large-scale land-use changes. Objective : The aim of the study was to assess the consequences of postponing ES conservation planning in remote regions prone to industrial development. More specially, is there a development threshold at which ES conservation may be imperilled. Methods : We simulated eight stages of development using actual data on hydroelectricity generation, forestry and mining expansion. Aiming to protect ten wetland’s ES provision, we assembled referential conservation networks prior to development and several alternative conservation solutions after each stage of development. We compared these networks and assessed the impact of land-use changes on the basic properties of ES conservation networks. Results : We found that conservation network alternative solutions were more costly in terms of additional area needed to achieve all targets: up to 16 % more so, compared to referential networks. Past a certain stage of development, alternative solutions were composed of a significantly greater proportion of small sites and, consequently, the networks became much more fragmented. Development also changed the spatial configuration of networks: up to 66 % of the sites included in alternative solutions were not selected in the referential networks. Conclusions : According to current trends, future development will strongly compete with ES conservation. Our study emphasizes the importance of implementing ES conservation actions before development, even in remote regions.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Site complementarity between biodiversity and ecosystem services in conservation planning of sparsely-populated regions.
    (Cambridge University Press, 2015-06-02) Cimon-Morin, Jérôme; Darveau, Marcel; Poulin, Monique
    The consequences of considering ecosystem services (ES) in conservation assessment are still widely debated. The degree of success depends on the extent to which biodiversity and ES can be secured under joint conservation actions. Unlike biodiversity, ES conservation is inseparably linked to human beneficiaries. Reconciling biodiversity with ES and conservation can be particularly challenging in sparsely populated areas. This study, in a sparselypopulated region of eastern Canada, focused on freshwater wetland biodiversity and ten ES provided by wetlands. Within a given maximal total area, the results showed that planning for biodiversity underrepresented local flow ES supply by 57% and demand by 61% in conservation networks. Planning for ES alone underrepresented wetland biodiversity surrogates by an average of 34%. Considering both biodiversity and ES simultaneously, all of the biodiversity and ES targets were achieved with only a 6% mean increase in area. Achieving all conservation targets starting from a network that was primarily built for either ES or biodiversity features alone was two to five times less efficient than considering both ES and biodiversity simultaneously in conservation assessment. A better framework is required to translate these spatial synergies into effective joint conservation actions.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Fostering synergies between ecosystem services and biodiversity in conservation planning : a review
    (Elsevier, 2013-10-01) Cimon-Morin, Jérôme; Darveau, Marcel; Poulin, Monique
    Our dependence on biodiversity and ecosystem services (ES) is increasing, due to population expansion and economic growth. Consequently, maintaining biodiversity and sustaining ES supply should consistently be incorporated into conservation project objectives. We reviewed 238 scientific articles to evaluate current knowledge, guided by three questions: (1) How do we identify important sites for ES conservation? (2) How can we maximize synergy between biodiversity and ES during conservation planning? (3) Does integrating the concept of ES provide new tools to facilitate biodiversity conservation? We found that the most effective approach to identifying ES priority areas for conservation is based on quantifiable biophysical indicators as well as their spatiotemporal flow scale. Moreover, we found that the general lack of spatial congruence between biodiversity and ES is attributable to: (i) the type of data used for ES mapping; (ii) the greater accuracy of functional diversity, compared to other biodiversity features, in predicting ES provision; (iii) the higher positive spatial correlation of regulating services with biodiversity, whereas provisioning services are negatively correlated. Systematic conservation planning procedures based on site complementarity would increase the efficiency of both biodiversity and ES conservation. Economic valuation of ES, such as through cost-benefit analysis, could help to justify conservation actions by showing that the financial benefits of nature conservation greatly exceed the cost. Moreover, payments for ecosystem services could create new incentives and funding sources for the conservation of biodiversity. We conclude by proposing areas for further research for the fostering of conservation synergies between biodiversity and ES.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Towards systematic conservation planning adapted to the local flow of ecosystem services
    (Elsevier, 2014-07-30) Cimon-Morin, Jérôme; Darveau, Marcel; Poulin, Monique
    Ecosystem services (ES) are increasingly included in conservation assessment worldwide to sustain their ability to fulfill human needs. Due to the instrumental value inherent in ES, priority areas for their conservation should be selected based on their capacity to both ensure an available supply and meet beneficiary demands. However, such a methodology has yet to be developed. Aiming to adapt systematic conservation planning procedures to include ES, we conducted a case study in eastern Canada focusing on ten ES for 16 wetland types. We first delimited the ES supply accessible for human use from the total biophysical supply and mapped demand for each ES. Secondly, we assembled conservation networks targeting the accessible supply and demand and compared them with networks targeting either ES biophysical supply or accessible supply. We found that targeting only ES supply resulted in selecting sites that are not in demand and may be up to three times less efficient in fulfilling the demands of beneficiaries for local flow ES. Thus, not considering demand in ES conservation assessment fails to position reserves where ES supply is likely to be most useful. Setting conservation targets for ES supply and demand could therefore help to achieve ES conservation objectives.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Développement d'approches sylvicoles alternatives adaptées aux peuplements irréguliers de sapin baumier et d'épinette noire
    (2009) Cimon-Morin, Jérôme; Darveau, Marcel; Ruel, Jean-Claude
    L'objectif de cette étude était d'évaluer si le jardinage peut être utilisé dans un contexte d'aménagement écosystémique pour développer un régime sylvicole adapté à la forêt boréale irrégulière et à sa faune. Deux nouvelles approches de jardinage ont donc été comparées aux méthodes de coupes plus conventionnellement utilisées en forêt boréale (la CPRS et la CPPTM) quant à leur efficacité à maintenir les attributs forestiers typiques des vieux peuplements irréguliers. La comparaison a révélé que le jardinage permet, en général, le maintien d'une abondance plus élevée des attributs par rapport aux coupes plus sévères. De plus, dans l'optique de réduire les coûts associés à la récolte, les approches de jardinage ont aussi été réalisées sans avoir recours au martelage. L'analyse a dévoilé que malgré l'absence du martelage, le jardinage semble être opérationnel tout en se montrant efficace vis-à-vis le maintien des attributs forestiers.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Développement d'une approche de planification systématique de la conservation des milieux humides intégrant les services écologiques
    (2015) Cimon-Morin, Jérôme; Darveau, Marcel; Poulin, Monique
    Globalement, le statut de la plupart des services écologiques (SE) est jugé préoccupant. Des actions de conservation permettraient de maintenir l’apport de certains SE à des emplacements cruciaux pour le maintien du bien-être humain. Néanmoins, comparée aux approches de conservation traditionnelles, la conservation des SE requiert des considérations particulières afin de capter le lien spatial qui unit les flux de services à leurs bénéficiaires. Or, ces connaissances demeurent fragmentaires. Cette thèse s’insère donc dans ce contexte et tente de répondre à trois questions principales, soit : (1) comment considérer le lien spatial entre les flux de SE et leurs bénéficiaires lors de la sélection des réserves?; (2) comment peut-on aligner la conservation de la biodiversité à celle des SE le plus efficacement possible?; et (3) quelles sont les conséquences de retarder la mise en œuvre des actions de conservation sur l’atteinte des objectifs? Nous avons d’abord montré que lorsque la demande pour les services à échelle locale était directement intégrée dans les procédés de planification systématique de la conservation, cela favorisait la sélection de sites qui étaient jusqu’à trois fois plus efficaces pour combler la demande des bénéficiaires par rapport à des approches qui ne ciblaient que l’apport des services uniquement. Cette nouvelle approche permet donc de concentrer les efforts de conservation aux endroits où les ressources investies contribueront le plus au bien-être humain. Ensuite, en utilisant cette dernière approche conjointement avec des cibles de biodiversité par l’entremise d’approche de sélection basée sur la complémentarité des sites, nous avons montré qu’il était possible d’atteindre toutes les cibles de conservation pour seulement 6 % de superficie supplémentaire à protéger. Lorsque l’atteinte de toutes les cibles de conservation est désirée, miser sur la congruence spatiale entre la biodiversité et les SE était de deux à cinq fois moins efficace que l’utilisation d’une approche basée sur la complémentarité entre les sites. Finalement, dans un contexte d’augmentation des pressions provenant des activités industrielles, nous avons évalué les effets du retard dans la mise en œuvre de la conservation sur le coût de remplacement des réseaux de conservation. Nous avons montré que ce coût peut s’élever jusqu’à 15 % lorsque la conservation est effectuée après le début du développement.