Personne : Carlos, A.
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Carlos
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A.
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Université Laval
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Publication Restreint Multiple applications of tissue-engineered human skin(Thieme, 2001-01-01) Carlos, A.; Germain, Lucie; Auger, François A.; López Valle, Carlos Antonio; Berthod, François; Goulet, Francine; Moulin, VéroniqueThe progress in tissue engineering has lead to the development of tri-dimensional tissues that can be used in vitro for various applications. Different methods have been designed to produce reconstructed dermis or skin in vitro. This chapter describes the human skin models and substitutes with respect to the evolution of their complexity as well as some of their potential applications. Dermal fibroblasts or myofibroblasts included in floating collagen gels produce useful wound healing models. Bi-layered human skin constructs comprising both the dermis and the epidermis could serve. for fundamental (eg. cell-matrix interactions) or applied (e.g. dermatoabsorption) studies. Another skin substitute is produced by seeding keratinocytes on fibroblasts. cultured in a collagen-chondroitin 4-6 sulfates and. chitosan sponge. The addition of endothelial cells to this model lead to the formation of capillary-like structure in the dermis. Finally, a method of human reconstructed skin production by the "auto-assembly" approach is presented. This model is developped from cells that produce their own extracellular matrix. No synthetic material or exogenous matrix is added. Thus, it could be completely autologous. Tissue engineered skin is an attractive tissue for gene therapy. Cells could be transplanted safely in vitro, evaluated for gene expression before their incorporation in reconstructed tissue and grafting in vivo. Of particular importance will be skin stem cells that have a long term regeneration potential and that can he cultured in vitro. The progress accomplished in tissue. engineering of skin is now applied to the reconstruction of other tissues and more complex organs such as ligaments, bronchi, bladder, cornea and blood vessels. These tissues could provide therapeutic alternatives in organ transplantation as well as models for varions in vitro applications.